本文關(guān)鍵詞：生態(tài)馬克思主義對中國生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的啟示　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：在科技風(fēng)險日漸突出、生態(tài)危機日益嚴(yán)重的全球背景下,隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進一步發(fā)展,人類在享受科技所帶來的各種便利的同時,也在更大程度上面臨著前所未有的生態(tài)威脅,主要包括全球變暖、糧食危機、能源枯竭、土地荒漠化、生物多樣性銳減、核污染等。作為世界上人口最多的國家,伴隨工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)等高效快速的發(fā)展,中國生態(tài)環(huán)境問題越發(fā)引起廣泛關(guān)注。作為人類社會全面發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志,生態(tài)文明是一種涵蓋人與人以及人與自然關(guān)系的,與物質(zhì)文明、精神文明和政治文明緊密相連的新的文明形態(tài)。作為中國政府回答經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與資源環(huán)境問題所提出的極富創(chuàng)造性的最新理論成果,生態(tài)文明建設(shè)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為中國政府的執(zhí)政理念和治國方略。上世紀(jì)六十年代,生態(tài)馬克思主義伴隨在全球有廣泛影響的“綠色運動”誕生。它是當(dāng)代西方馬克思主義的一種新興流派,在西方馬克思主義領(lǐng)域中占據(jù)重要地位。在人類生存發(fā)展面臨嚴(yán)重生態(tài)困境背景下產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)馬克思主義的基本出發(fā)點是用生態(tài)學(xué)理論去補充和發(fā)展馬克思主義,以構(gòu)建一種人與自然和諧發(fā)展的新模式�？傮w上,它以研究人類生存環(huán)境為宗旨,以生態(tài)效應(yīng)為核心,追求人與自然的和諧發(fā)展,開辟了我們探究資本主義、社會主義問題的新視野,具有理論和現(xiàn)實意義。改革開放三十多年來,在馬克思主義理論的指導(dǎo)下,隨工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化水平的不斷提高,中國在經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域取得了舉世矚目的成就。一方面,當(dāng)初在西方發(fā)達資本主義國家出現(xiàn)的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題已在中國涌現(xiàn)；另一方面,生態(tài)馬克思主義理論體系更多的是旨在解決早在20世紀(jì)80年代就都已完成工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化的西方資本主義國家長期發(fā)展所致的生態(tài)破壞和環(huán)境問題,而中國目前尚處于工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化中期；因此,我們可以借鑒生態(tài)馬克思主義的一些理論成果和政治主張,同時擯棄不適合中國現(xiàn)實的部分。此外,筆者認(rèn)為蘊含于生態(tài)馬克思主義研究和挖掘問題背后根源以解決現(xiàn)實問題的這種深刻的邏輯性和科學(xué)性亦值得借鑒�？傮w上,本文立論基點在于：(1)從工業(yè)文明向生態(tài)文明轉(zhuǎn)型、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的核心在于約束和規(guī)范人類行為(也即將人類行動限定在有限范圍內(nèi)——生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的上限和下限——能夠?qū)⑷蚪?jīng)濟發(fā)展水平和人類生存環(huán)境狀況維持相對平衡的合理區(qū)間,該區(qū)間采用雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn),發(fā)展中國家生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的上限不能以發(fā)展停滯為代價,發(fā)達國家生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的下限不能威脅人類生存環(huán)境的平衡狀態(tài))；(2)現(xiàn)代社會,能夠約束和規(guī)范人類行為的體系有兩種：倫理道德和法律制度(也可簡單抽象為理念和制度)；(3)作為對西方發(fā)達國家所面臨的環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞問題的回應(yīng),生態(tài)馬克思主義對中國建設(shè)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)具有借鑒意義；(4)中國政府主導(dǎo)下的生態(tài)文明建設(shè),需在全民參與和行動下實現(xiàn)從理念到制度到行動的構(gòu)建。
[Abstract]:In the background of global science and technology risk has become increasingly prominent, increasingly serious ecological crisis, with the further development of science and technology, human beings enjoy a variety of convenience brought by technology, is also facing a hitherto unknown ecological threat in a large extent, including global warming, food crisis, energy depletion, desertification, biodiversity the decrease of nuclear pollution, etc.. As the most populous country in the world, with the rapid and rapid development of industry and agriculture, the problem of ecological environment in China has aroused widespread concern. As an important symbol of the comprehensive development of human society, ecological civilization is a new civilization form which is closely related to material civilization, spiritual civilization and political civilization, which involves the relationship between man and man, and between man and nature. As the latest theoretical achievement of the Chinese government's response to the problems of economic development and resources and environment, the construction of ecological civilization has now become the ruling concept and strategy of the Chinese government. In the 60s of last century, the ecological Marx doctrine was born with the "green movement" which had a wide influence on the world. It is a new genre of contemporary western Marx doctrine, which occupies an important position in the field of Western Marx. The basic starting point of eco Marx doctrine is the supplement and development of Marx doctrine based on the theory of ecology in order to build a new harmonious development mode of human and nature. In general, it aims at studying the environment of human existence, taking the ecological effect as the core and pursuing the harmonious development of human and nature. It has opened up a new vision for us to explore the problem of capitalism and socialism, and has theoretical and practical significance. Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, under the guidance of Marx theory, China has made remarkable achievements in the economic field along with the continuous improvement of industrialization and modernization. On the one hand, the ecological environment problems had emerged in the western developed capitalist countries have emerged in Chinese; on the other hand, Marx's theory of ecological system is more aimed at resolving the development caused by the western capitalist country long-term ecological and environmental problems in early 1980s has completed the industrialization and modernization, and Chinese is still in the industrialization therefore, the middle and the modernization; we can learn from Marx's ecological theory and politics, and is not suitable for the real part of Chinese abandon. Besides, I believe that the deep logic and scientificity of the root cause of Marx's research and mining is also worth learning. Overall, this is the basis of: (1) the core transformation, the construction of ecological civilization from industrial civilization to ecological civilization is to restrict and regulate human behavior (a reasonable interval, will limit the human action in a limited range, the construction of ecological civilization and the upper and lower - can the global level of economic development and human survival environment to maintain the relative balance of the interval by double standards, not limit the construction of ecological civilization in developing countries to stagnation at the cost of the construction of ecological civilization in developed countries, the lower limit can not be a threat to human survival environment balance); (2) the modern society, to restrict and regulate the human behavior system has two kinds: the ethical and legal system (also as simple abstract concepts and systems); (3) as the problem of environmental pollution and ecological destruction in the face of western developed countries in response to the ecological Ma Kyth doctrine has a reference for China's construction of ecological civilization. (4) under the guidance of the Chinese government, the construction of ecological civilization needs to build from concept to system to action under the participation and action of all people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X2;A811

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