本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于畜禽糞便不同處理方式的農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能值分析　出處：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 種養(yǎng)結(jié)合 畜禽糞便 沼氣工程 有機(jī)肥 生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)

【摘要】：在我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)迅速發(fā)展的同時所產(chǎn)生的畜禽糞便總量隨之大幅提升,對環(huán)境造成的污染問題也日漸突出,因此,國家對畜禽糞便所帶來污染的治理非常重視,尋求一個有效地、合理地處理畜禽糞便的方法迫不及待。經(jīng)實(shí)際調(diào)查、文獻(xiàn)參考等發(fā)現(xiàn)以畜禽糞便制有機(jī)肥和沼氣的兩種種養(yǎng)結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是解決畜禽糞便污染和發(fā)展畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)和種植業(yè)有效結(jié)合的最好途徑。本文以錦華牧業(yè)(以畜禽糞便制有機(jī)肥為中心環(huán)節(jié)的種養(yǎng)結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng))和大地牧業(yè)(以畜禽糞便制沼氣為中心環(huán)節(jié)的種養(yǎng)結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng))為研究對象,以能值分析理論和方法為主要手段。首先對兩個企業(yè)在由單一養(yǎng)殖模式向種養(yǎng)結(jié)合模式轉(zhuǎn)變過程中的能值投入產(chǎn)出的變化進(jìn)行分析,并通過一些重要的能值指標(biāo)對模式轉(zhuǎn)變過程中產(chǎn)生的變化作出評價,其次對目前錦華牧業(yè)和大地牧業(yè)所運(yùn)作的種養(yǎng)結(jié)合模式進(jìn)行了橫向的對比比較,得出了以下幾個方面的研究結(jié)果:(1)以錦華牧業(yè)為研究對象,結(jié)果表明:錦華牧業(yè)在畜禽糞便制有機(jī)肥工藝引進(jìn)形成種養(yǎng)結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)模式以后,自然資源能值自給率從0變到了0.11,系統(tǒng)能值自給率從0變到了0.30,廢棄物的利用率達(dá)到了15%,環(huán)境負(fù)載率從0.44降到了0.37,凈能值產(chǎn)出率從1.32增長到了1.47,可持續(xù)發(fā)展指數(shù)從3.00提高到了3.97,這些數(shù)據(jù)說明錦華牧業(yè)目前所采用的運(yùn)作模式具有較高的現(xiàn)代化水平,響應(yīng)了國家的環(huán)境保護(hù)政策,實(shí)現(xiàn)了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的零污染、零排放,提高了農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率及可持續(xù)發(fā)展性。(2)以大地牧業(yè)為研究對象,得到了以下結(jié)果:種養(yǎng)結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)模式下,利用畜禽糞便制沼氣并循環(huán)利用,使自然資源能值自給率從0變到了0.14,系統(tǒng)能值自給率從0變到了0.58,廢棄物的利用率達(dá)到了20%,環(huán)境負(fù)載率從0.17降到了0.12,凈能值產(chǎn)出率從1.37增長到了1.57,可持續(xù)發(fā)展指數(shù)從8.06提高到了13.08,這些數(shù)據(jù)說明大地牧業(yè)采用沼氣工程作為種養(yǎng)結(jié)合銜接環(huán)節(jié)的模式中提高了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)代化水平,對廢棄物的處理和循環(huán)再利用、環(huán)境的保護(hù)起到了良好的作用,并且提高了農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率及可持續(xù)發(fā)展性。(3)通過對錦華牧業(yè)和大地牧業(yè)兩種不同運(yùn)作方式的種養(yǎng)結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)模式的能值投入率進(jìn)行比較分析,得出了:①模式Ⅱ和模式Ⅳ的自然資源投入量在各自系統(tǒng)能值的總投入中所占的比重相差不大,分別為8.03%和8.22%,說明兩種運(yùn)作方式下的種養(yǎng)結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)模式中,自然資源能值的使用量差別不大;②模式Ⅱ的系統(tǒng)反饋能值投入為9.68*1015sej,占總能值投入的21.23%,模式Ⅳ的系統(tǒng)反饋能值投入為72.55*1015sej,占總能值投入的33.68%。兩者所占比重的差異較為明顯,模式Ⅱ的反饋能值主要用于改善土壤質(zhì)量,提高蔬菜的產(chǎn)量,沒有給畜禽養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)帶來明顯的輔助作用,而模式Ⅳ的反饋能值不僅用于種植業(yè),而且還對畜禽養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)提供了很大一部分能量輔助;③模式Ⅱ的可更新有機(jī)能值投入占總能值投入的50.65%,模式Ⅳ的可更新有機(jī)能值投入為占總能值投入的51.40%,不管是從能量的類別還是各自所占的比重,兩者沒有明顯差別;④模式Ⅱ的不可更新工業(yè)輔助能值投入占總能值投入的20.09%,模式Ⅳ的不可更新工業(yè)輔助能值投入為占總能值投入的6.70%,兩者存在較大差異,其差異的主要原因就是模式Ⅳ中的沼氣被利用之后所產(chǎn)生的電力、熱量等重新輸入養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié),使能量的投入大大減少,而模式Ⅱ沒有。(4)通過對錦華牧業(yè)和大地牧業(yè)的主要能值指標(biāo)進(jìn)行對比比較,得出了在自然資源能值自給率、系統(tǒng)能值自給率、廢棄物利用率、凈能值產(chǎn)出率及環(huán)境負(fù)載率方面,大地牧業(yè)均優(yōu)于錦華牧業(yè),因此大地牧業(yè)的種養(yǎng)結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)更為優(yōu)化,可持續(xù)發(fā)展性更好一點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The total amount of livestock and poultry manure produced in the livestock industry in China has developed rapidly along with the increase, the environmental pollution problem has become increasingly prominent, therefore, the governance of the country caused pollution of livestock and poultry manure very seriously and seek an effective and reasonable treatment of animal manure method can't wait. Through actual investigation and literature reference, it is found that the two farming systems combining organic manure and biogas with livestock manure are the best way to combine livestock and poultry excrement pollution and develop livestock breeding and planting industry effectively. In this paper, Jinhua animal husbandry (agricultural ecosystem with livestock manure for planting organic fertilizer as the central link of the earth) and animal husbandry (combination of planting and breeding of agricultural ecosystem in the livestock and poultry manure to produce biogas as the central link) as the research object, based on emergy analysis theory and method as the main means. The first of the two enterprises in a single breeding mode to the planting and breeding combination mode in the transformation process can analyze the value change of input and output, and by some of the important index to evaluate the change pattern in the transformation process, followed by the current Jinhua animal husbandry and animal husbandry land operated by the mode of combination of planting and breeding horizontal comparison, results are obtained as follows: (1) to Jinhua animal husbandry as the research object, the results show that the introduction of Jinhua animal husbandry in livestock manure organic fertilizer process to form a combination of planting and breeding pattern of agriculture ecology, natural resources energy self-sufficiency rate from 0 to 0.11, emergy self-sufficiency the rate of change from 0 to 0.30, waste utilization rate reached 15%, the environment load rate dropped from 0.44 to 0.37, the net energy output rate increased from 1.32 to 1.47, the sustainable development index increased from 3 to 3.97, the number of According to the operation mode that the modernization level of Jinhua animal husbandry currently used is high, in response to the environmental protection policies of the state, to achieve zero pollution, zero emissions of agricultural production system, improve agricultural productivity and sustainable development. (2) on the animal husbandry as the research object, the results are as follows: the combination of planting and breeding pattern of agriculture ecology, utilization of livestock and poultry manure to produce biogas and recycling of natural resources, the emergy self-sufficiency rate from 0 to 0.14, the emergy self-sufficiency rate from 0 to 0.58, waste utilization rate 20%, the environment load rate dropped from 0.17 to 0.12, the net energy output rate increased from 1.37 to 1.57, the sustainable development index increased from 8.06 to 13.08, these data suggest that the earth and animal husbandry using biogas project as a combination of link mode to improve the level of modernization of agricultural production and circulation of planting, protection recycling of waste materials, the environment played a good role, and improve agricultural productivity and sustainable development. (3) by planting two different modes of operation of Jinhua animal husbandry and animal husbandry land combined agricultural ecological model emergy investment ratio comparative analysis, obtained: the amount of investment mode II and IV mode of natural resources in the total investment value of each system in the proportion of the little difference, respectively. 8.03% and 8.22%, indicating the two mode of operation under the combination of planting and breeding pattern of agriculture ecology, natural resources can not use a different value system; the mode of feedback emergy input is 9.68*1015sej, accounting for 21.23% of the total emergy input and feedback system model IV emergy input is 72.55*1015sej, accounting for the total energy input 33.68%. The proportion of the more obvious differences, mode II feedback emergy is mainly used to improve soil quality, increase the yield of the vegetables, no obvious auxiliary function for livestock and poultry sectors, while the value of mode 4 feedback can not only used for farming, but also provide a large part of the energy to the livestock sector; mode II renewable organic emergy ratio 50.65%, model IV renewable organic emergy investment accounted for 51.40% of the total emergy input, whether from the energy or the proportion of each category, there is no difference between the two; the mode II unrenewable industrial emergy input accounted for 20.09% of the total emergy input, model IV unrenewable industrial emergy investment accounted for 6.70% of the total emergy input, there is a big difference between the two, the main reason is the difference in mode 4 biogas was After the use of electricity, heat, and so on to reenter the breeding link, the energy input is greatly reduced, and the model II is not. (4) index compared to the main value of Jinhua animal husbandry and animal husbandry of the earth, the emergy self-sufficiency ratio, emergy self-sufficiency rate, waste utilization rate, the net energy output rate and environmental load rate in natural resources, land and animal husbandry are excellent in Jinhua animal husbandry, therefore the earth animal husbandry breeding with the internal structure of the agricultural ecosystem more optimization, sustainable development of a little better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S181;X713

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