本文關(guān)鍵詞：土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律及其對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的影響　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 多環(huán)芳烴 土壤 遷移轉(zhuǎn)化 植物生長(zhǎng)

【摘要】：多環(huán)芳烴是一類(lèi)普遍存在于環(huán)境中的、難降解的危險(xiǎn)性有機(jī)污染物,由于其“三致”效應(yīng)受到各國(guó)政府和科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的廣泛關(guān)注。不論是大氣、水體還是土壤環(huán)境中都普遍存在著多環(huán)芳烴并且其含量有著日益上升的趨勢(shì)。多環(huán)芳烴能夠通過(guò)多種途徑對(duì)環(huán)境和人類(lèi)的健康構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅,因此研究土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律及其對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的影響,對(duì)進(jìn)一步了解植物對(duì)土壤的修復(fù)機(jī)制與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的安全生產(chǎn)具有理論與實(shí)際意義。本文以小白菜和小麥為農(nóng)作物的代表,以萘、菲、芘三種典型的多環(huán)芳烴為代表污染物,系統(tǒng)探討了多環(huán)芳烴在土壤中的遷移行為和植物與土壤中PAHs之間的相互作用,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.以萘、菲、芘為代表污染物,分析研究了其在土壤中隨時(shí)間推移而不斷變化的行為,對(duì)比分析了三種污染物在土壤中隨時(shí)間變化的特征。結(jié)果表明,隨著時(shí)間的推移,三種污染物在土壤中的殘留濃度均不斷降低,且隨著PAHs苯環(huán)數(shù)的增加,其殘留濃度最終呈現(xiàn)出萘菲芘的趨勢(shì)。土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的去除途徑主要有揮發(fā)、光解、微生物降解和其他流失,其中微生物降解和其他流失占主導(dǎo)作用,能達(dá)到50%左右;揮發(fā)和光解造成的流失不到10%,萘和菲的揮發(fā)、光解和微生物降解都較芘容易。2.以小麥為供試植物,研究了植物對(duì)土壤中萘、菲、芘殘留行為的影響。結(jié)果表明,小麥的種植對(duì)土壤中低環(huán)PAHs的減少具有促進(jìn)作用,30 d后,種植小麥的土壤中萘、菲、芘的平均殘留濃度比無(wú)植物對(duì)照組低9.75%、8.77%、9.96%,比無(wú)植物滅菌對(duì)照低8.88%、16.1%、16.14%。以小白菜為供試植物,研究了土壤中多環(huán)芳烴在植物體內(nèi)的積累方式。結(jié)果表明,小白菜對(duì)土壤中低環(huán)PAHs具有一定的富集能力,且地下部分對(duì)萘、菲、芘的積累量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于地上部分。3.以小白菜和小麥為供試植物,研究了土壤中不同起始濃度的PAHs對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明,萘、菲、芘對(duì)小白菜種子的萌發(fā)和幼苗的生長(zhǎng)都具有明顯的抑制作用,受污染的土壤中小白菜的發(fā)芽率和生物量顯著低于無(wú)污染對(duì)照組,且隨著起始污染濃度的增大其發(fā)芽率明顯降低,生物量明顯減少。但對(duì)于小麥卻有所不同,當(dāng)污染物平均濃度為0~100 mg/kg時(shí),對(duì)小麥的萌發(fā)具有一定的促進(jìn)作用,當(dāng)污染物平均濃度超過(guò)100 mg/kg時(shí),則表現(xiàn)為抑制作用。小白菜根部和莖葉部分的PPO和POD活性均隨菲和芘處理濃度的升高而呈現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),菲或芘處理的土壤中,小白菜根部PPO和POD活性都大于莖葉部分。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous organic pollutants which are ubiquitous in the environment and are difficult to degrade. Due to their "three effects", they are widely concerned by governments and scientific research fields. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common in the atmosphere, water and soil environment, and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is increasing. PAHs can pose a serious threat to the environment and human health through a variety of ways, so the study of migration and transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and its effects on plant growth, to further understand the safety of plant to soil remediation mechanism and agricultural products is of great theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, Chinese cabbage and wheat crops, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene in three typical PAHs as representative pollutants, discusses the interaction between PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and migration behavior in plants and soil, the main results are as follows: 1. using naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene as representative pollutants, are studied in the soil with time changing behavior, comparative analysis of the characteristics of three kinds of pollutants in the soil varies with time. The results showed that the residual concentrations of the three pollutants in the soil decreased with time, and the residual concentration finally showed a trend of naphthalene phenanthrene pyrene with the increase of PAHs benzene ring number. The removal pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil are mainly volatilization, photolysis, biodegradation and other losses, including microbial degradation and other loss is dominant, can reach about 50%; and the loss caused by volatilization photolysis of less than 10%, naphthalene and phenanthrene volatilization, photolysis and microbial degradation of pyrene is easy. 2. the effects of plants on the residue of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene in soil were studied with wheat as the tested plants. The results showed that the cultivation of wheat promoted the reduction of low cyclic PAHs in soil. After 30 d, the residual concentration of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene in wheat soil was 9.75%, 8.77% and 9.96% lower than that in the control group without plant, which was 8.88%, 16.1% and 16.14% lower than those without plant sterilization. The accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil was studied with Chinese cabbage as a test plant. The results showed that Chinese cabbage has a certain enrichment ability to low ring PAHs in soil, and the accumulation of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene in the underground part is far greater than that in the upper part of the ground. 3. the effects of different initial concentrations of PAHs on plant growth were studied with Chinese cabbage and wheat as the tested plants. The results show that it has obvious inhibitory effect of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene on Cabbage Seed Germination and seedling growth, germination rate and biomass of Chinese cabbage and soil contaminated by pollution was significantly lower than that of control group, and with the increasing of initial concentration of pollution in the germination rate decreased significantly, biomass decreased significantly. But for wheat, it is different. When the average concentration of pollutants is 0~100 mg/kg, it has a certain effect on the germination of wheat. When the average concentration of pollutants is more than 100 mg/kg, it shows inhibition. The activities of PPO and POD in roots and stems and leaves increased with the increase of the concentration of phenanthrene and pyrene. The activities of PPO and POD in the roots of Chinese cabbage were greater than those in stems and leaves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53

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