本文關(guān)鍵詞：鎘、鉛污染土壤的苧麻—化學(xué)聯(lián)合修復(fù)　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 苧麻 固化劑 EDTA EDDS 土壤修復(fù)

【摘要】：土壤污染特別是土壤中重金屬鎘、鉛的污染日趨嚴(yán)重。目前鎘、鉛污染土壤的修復(fù)和治理措施主要有物理措施、化學(xué)措施、生物措施、生態(tài)修復(fù)措施、農(nóng)藝修復(fù)措施等。其中,植物修復(fù)措施是用于修復(fù)重金屬污染土壤方法中效果較好的綠色生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù),其機制主要是利用一些特定的植物對重金屬元素進行吸收、富集、積累和轉(zhuǎn)化,從而達到減輕重金屬污染土壤的目的。和其他土壤修復(fù)治理措施不同,植物修復(fù)措施具有簡便、安全、經(jīng)濟、環(huán)保等優(yōu)勢。苧麻為蕁麻科苧麻屬草本植物,宿根生存壽命長,一般在10~30年以上,其根系發(fā)達,固土力強,生物量大,起到較好水土保持效果和重金屬修復(fù)效果。但在實際土壤修復(fù)中,利用苧麻提取修復(fù)重金屬土壤仍存在具有效果不明顯的等問題,而改良劑的應(yīng)用能強化苧麻對重金屬污染土壤修復(fù)。本研究選取多年生經(jīng)濟纖維植物苧麻,選擇生物可降解螯合劑乙二胺二琥珀酸(EDDS)和非生物螯合劑(EDTA),以及硅藻土、膨潤土、石灰石粉、沸石粉4種固化劑,分別設(shè)置不同施用水平,通過土培試驗和盆栽試驗研究了鎘、鉛復(fù)合污染土壤中施加螯合劑、固化劑對土壤重金屬各形態(tài)含量、苧麻生物量、葉片中丙二醛含量以及重金屬富集吸收特性的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)相比單獨利用苧麻進行污染土壤的植物修復(fù),非生物螯合劑EDTA和生物可降解螯合劑EDDS的添加均會促進土壤中鎘、鉛的酸可提取態(tài)含量增加,促進苧麻各部分對鎘、鉛的吸收累積,有較好的誘導(dǎo)作用。應(yīng)用螯合劑濃度相同時,EDTA誘導(dǎo)效果優(yōu)于EDDS,且隨著施用螯合劑濃度的升高,苧麻各部分鎘、鉛的含量增加。(2)EDTA和高濃度EDDS的施加會對苧麻植株生長產(chǎn)生不利影響,使得苧麻生物量明顯降低,葉片中丙二醛含量增加。在同等濃度水平下,EDDS對苧麻生長產(chǎn)生的不利影響更小,低濃度EDDS不會對苧麻產(chǎn)生不利影響。(3)在濃度為1.5~3 mmol?kg-1時,EDDS強化苧麻修復(fù)鎘的效果較好,土壤鎘的去除效率相比對照提高了16%~27%,在更高濃度(6~9 mmol?kg-1)時,EDTA強化苧麻修復(fù)鎘的效果較好。EDTA強化苧麻修復(fù)土壤鉛的效果好于EDDS,對土壤鉛的去除效果提高可達22.6%。(4)添加沸石粉和高濃度(9~12 g?kg-1)硅藻土、膨潤土能夠顯著減少土壤中鎘的酸可提取態(tài)含量。添加固化劑硅藻土、膨潤土和沸石粉能有效降低土壤中酸可提取態(tài)鉛含量,且固化效果硅藻土膨潤土沸石粉。單獨施用固化劑,其添加量越多對土壤中鎘和鉛的固化效果越好,石灰石粉對鎘和鉛酸可提取態(tài)含量影響不顯著,固化效果不佳。(5)固化劑的施加使得苧麻各部位吸收鎘、鉛的含量降低,且隨著固化劑添加量的增加各部位鎘、鉛含量降低更加顯著。石灰石粉的添加使得苧麻生物量減小,硅藻土、膨潤土和沸石粉的添加使得苧麻生物量增加,生長脅迫降低。(6)相比單獨利用固化劑修復(fù),添加固化劑后種植苧麻進行植物修復(fù),能夠進一步對土壤中的酸可提取態(tài)鎘和鉛進行吸收累積,且適當(dāng)?shù)墓袒瘎┨幚硐?苧麻對土壤中鎘和鉛的累積量仍較高。其中添加9 g?kg-1硅藻土以及3~9 g?kg-1沸石粉配合苧麻對土壤中的鎘能產(chǎn)生很好的聯(lián)合修復(fù)效果,硅藻土、膨潤土和沸石粉均可以配合苧麻對土壤中的鉛產(chǎn)生較好的聯(lián)合修復(fù)效果,聯(lián)合修復(fù)效果硅藻土沸石粉膨潤土。
[Abstract]:The pollution of heavy metals, cadmium and lead, in soil pollution, especially in the soil, is becoming more and more serious. At present, remediation and control measures for cadmium and lead contaminated soils include physical measures, chemical measures, biological measures, ecological restoration measures and agronomic rehabilitation measures. Among them, phytoremediation measures is used to repair the technical effect of remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in green ecological good, its mechanism is the main absorption, enrichment, accumulation and transformation of certain plants to heavy metal elements, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing heavy metal pollution in soil. Different from other soil remediation measures, phytoremediation has the advantages of simple, safe, economic and environmental protection. Ramie for Urticaceae Boehmeria herb, perennial survival and long life, generally in 10~30 years, the developed root system, soil strength, large biomass, has a good effect of soil and water conservation and restoration of heavy metal. However, in practical soil remediation, there are still some problems such as ramie extraction and heavy metal remediation, but the application of modifiers can enhance the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by ramie. This study selects perennial economic plants of ramie fiber, select biodegradable chelating agent ethylenediamine two succinic acid (EDDS) and non biological chelating agent (EDTA), as well as diatomite, bentonite, limestone powder, zeolite powder 4 kinds of curing agents, different application levels were set by soil culture experiment and pot experiment was conducted to study the cadmium and lead compound the pollution of soil chelators and curing agent on the influence of MDA content and enrichment of Heavy Metals Absorption Characteristics of various forms of soil heavy metals content, biomass, leaf of ramie. The main results are as follows: (1) compared to phytoremediation of contaminated soil by using ramie alone, adding non biological chelating agents EDTA and EDDS are biodegradable chelating agents can promote the cadmium and lead in soil acid extractable content increased, the ramie promote the absorption and accumulation of cadmium and lead, have good induction. When the concentration of chelating agent was the same, the induction effect of EDTA was better than that of EDDS, and the content of cadmium and lead in every part of ramie increased with the increase of the concentration of chelating agent. (2) the effect of EDTA and high concentration of EDDS on the growth of ramie plants resulted in a significant decrease in the biomass of ramie and the increase of malondialdehyde content in the leaves. At the same concentration level, the negative effect of EDDS on Ramie growth was smaller, and low concentration of EDDS would not have adverse effects on ramie. (3) when the concentration was 1.5~3 mmol? Kg-1, EDDS enhanced the effect of cadmium recovery from ramie, and the cadmium removal efficiency of soil increased by 16%~27% compared with the control. At higher concentration (6~9 mmol? Kg-1), EDTA enhanced ramie for cadmium recovery. The effect of EDTA strengthening Ramie on soil lead is better than that of EDDS, and the effect of soil lead removal can be increased by 22.6%. (4) adding zeolite powder and high concentration (9~12 G? Kg-1) diatomite and bentonite can significantly reduce the content of the extractable state of cadmium in soil. Adding the curing agent diatomite, bentonite and zeolite can effectively reduce the content of the Acid Extractable Lead in the soil, and the effect of the curing effect of diatomite bentonite zeolite powder. The better the curing effect of cadmium and lead is, the more the amount of added agent is applied alone. The influence of limestone powder on the content of cadmium and lead acid extractable content is not significant, and the curing effect is not good. (5) the amount of cadmium and lead absorbed by different parts of ramie decreased with the addition of curing agent, and the content of cadmium and lead decreased significantly with the increase of curing agent. The addition of limestone powder reduced the biomass of ramie. The addition of diatomite, bentonite and zeolite made the biomass of ramie increased and the growth stress decreased. (6) compared with the use of curing agent alone and the addition of curing agent after planting, ramie can be further phytoremediation, which can further absorb and accumulate the acid extractable CD and Pb in soil. Under the proper curing agent, the accumulation of CD and Pb in the soil is still high. With the addition of 9 g? Kg-1 3~9 g kg-1 diatomite and zeolite powder with ramie? Can produce a good effect on remediation of cadmium in soil, diatomite, bentonite and zeolite powder can be produced with ramie combined with good results for the lead in the soil remediation effect of bentonite diatomite and zeolite powder.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

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