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  本文關鍵詞：沙塵和人為氣溶膠的直接輻射效應對亞洲氣候的影響　出處：《南京信息工程大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 沙塵和人為氣溶膠 直接輻射效應 亞洲氣候 季風

【摘要】：本文使用耦合了化學過程的區(qū)域氣候模式RegCM4.0,對沙塵和三種人為氣溶膠的直接輻射效應對亞洲氣候的影響進行了研究。對于東亞地區(qū)和南亞地區(qū),地表和大氣層頂?shù)亩滩ā㈤L波和總輻射強迫的符號基本一致,只是地表的短波、長波和總輻射強迫比對應的大氣層頂輻射強迫強度大一些。對于大氣層頂和地表,氣溶膠主要通過產(chǎn)生負的短波輻射強迫而產(chǎn)生負的總輻射強迫,而對長波輻射強迫的影響相對較小。對于東亞地區(qū),冬季光學厚度與夏季相當,夏季大氣層頂總輻射強迫強度絕對值比冬季略大,夏季地表總輻射強迫強度絕對值比冬季大得多。對于南亞地區(qū),夏季氣溶膠光學厚度比冬季大得多；夏季的大氣層頂和地表總輻射強迫絕對值遠大于冬季。對于東亞,在冬季,由于48°N以南的低層有較強的降溫,而高層氣溫有較弱的升溫,使穩(wěn)定度增加,并且48°N以南的上空基本為下沉運動,從而使得48°N以南的冬季降水減少。對于夏季,2°N到14°N、14°N到16°N、16°N到25°N、25°N到40°N的上升、下沉、上升、下沉運動分別增強,從而導致了2°N到14°N、14°N到16°N、16°N到25°N、25°N到40°N的夏季降水的增加、減少、增加、減少。氣溶膠使東亞冬季風增強。氣溶膠使東亞熱帶夏季風和25°N以北的東亞副熱帶夏季風分別增強、減弱,這與沙塵和人為氣溶膠引起的地表氣壓變化有關。在冬季和夏季,沙塵和人為氣溶膠都使總降水減少,夏季總降水減少幅度比冬季大。在冬季,沙塵和人為氣溶膠主要影響層云降水,使層云降水減少,而對積云降水幾乎沒有影響,夏季與之相反,氣溶膠主要影響積云降水,使積云降水減少而對層云降水影響較小。對于南亞,在冬季,氣溶膠使6°N到16°N和19°N到26°N上空的上升運動增強,從而造成這些區(qū)域總降水的增強,氣溶膠對27°N到32°N上空的垂直運動影響較小,但是低層降溫,高層升溫,大氣穩(wěn)定度增加,從而使該區(qū)域總降水減少；對于夏季,氣溶膠使5。N到16。N、17.5。N到190N和28。N到32。N上空的上升運動增強,從而造成這些區(qū)域總降水的增強,氣溶膠使20。N到28。N上空的下沉運動增強,低層降溫,高層升溫,大氣穩(wěn)定度增加,從而使該區(qū)域總降水減少。對于南亞冬季,印度南部的以東和以西海域的地表氣壓有微弱的降低,從而造成降壓區(qū)的南側(cè)會產(chǎn)生偏西風,從而使南亞冬季風減弱；對于夏季,氣溶膠使東阿拉伯海的地表氣壓降低,氣溶膠使印度東北部、不丹和孟加拉國的地表氣壓降低,上述降壓區(qū)的南側(cè)會產(chǎn)生偏西風,從而使南亞夏季風增強。對于冬季,氣溶膠使層云降水、對流降水分別增加、減少,但層云降水增加的幅度比對流降水減少的幅度大一些,最終造成總降水有微弱的增加；對于夏季,氣溶膠主要是通過使對流降水減少,從而使總降水減少。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we use the regional climate model RegCM4.0 coupled with chemical process to study the direct radiation effects of dust and three kinds of artificial aerosols on Asian climate. For East Asia and South Asia, the signs of shortwave, longwave and total radiation forcing are basically the same. Only the short wave, long wave and total radiation forcing on the surface are stronger than the corresponding upper atmosphere radiative forcing. For the top of the atmosphere and the earth's surface, aerosols mainly produce negative total radiation forcing through negative short wave radiation forcing, but have little influence on longwave radiation forcing. For East Asia, the optical thickness in winter is similar to that in summer. The absolute value of the total atmospheric radiation intensity at the top of the atmosphere is slightly larger than that in winter, and the absolute value of the total surface radiation forcing in summer is much larger than that in winter. In South Asia, the optical thickness of aerosol in summer is much larger than that in winter, and the absolute value of the atmospheric top and surface total radiation in summer is far greater than that in winter. For East Asia, in the winter, because of the low temperature in the south of the 48 degree N, there is a strong cooling, while the upper air temperature has a weaker temperature, which makes the stability increase. And the 48 degree N is basically sinking down to the south, so that the winter rainfall in the south of 48 degrees N decreases. For the summer, 2 ~ N to 14 ~ N, 14 ~ N to 16 ~ N, 16 ~ N to 25 ~ N, 25 ~ N to 40 ~ N rising and sinking, rising and sinking motion were enhanced, resulting in 2 ~ N to 14 ~ N, 14 ~ N to 16 ~ N 16 ~ N to 25 ~ N, 25 ~ N to increase, summer precipitation of 40 DEG N reduction, increase, reduction. The East Asian winter monsoon is enhanced by aerosols. The East Asian summer monsoon and the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon in the north of 25 N are enhanced or weakened by aerosols, which is related to the change of surface pressure caused by dust and anthropogenic aerosols. In winter and summer, both sand dust and anthropogenic aerosol reduce the total precipitation, and the decrease of total precipitation in summer is larger than that in winter. In the winter, dust and anthropogenic aerosols mainly affect the stratiform precipitation, the stratiform precipitation is reduced, but has almost no effect on cumulus precipitation, summer on the contrary, the main effect of aerosol cumulus precipitation, the cumulus precipitation decrease but little influence on stratiform precipitation. In South Asia, in the winter, the aerosol 6 DEG N to 16 DEG N and 19 DEG N to 26 DEG N ascending motion over the increase, resulting in the enhancement of the total precipitation, aerosol to 27 DEG N to 32 DEG N vertical movement influence over smaller, but lower temperature, high temperature, atmospheric stability the degree of increase, so that the total precipitation in summer 5, aerosol. N to 16. N, 17.5. N to 190N and 28. N to 32. The rising movement over N increases the total precipitation in these areas, and aerosols make 20. N to 28. The subsidence of the N is enhanced, the lower layer cooling, the high rise and the increase of the atmospheric stability, thus reducing the total precipitation in the region. For the South Asian winter, sea surface pressure in southern India in the East and the West have weak decreased, resulting in blood pressure will produce area south westerly, so that the South Asian Winter Monsoon weakened; for the summer, aerosol reduces the surface pressure of East Arabia sea, aerosol decreased in Northeast India, Bhutan and Bangladesh surface pressure the buck, area south westerly winds will produce, so that the South Asian summer monsoon enhanced. In winter, the stratiform precipitation and aerosol convective precipitation were increased and decreased, but the increase is less than the stratiform precipitation convective precipitation rate is larger, resulting in a weak increase in total precipitation; for the summer, aerosol was reduced by making the convective precipitation, so that the total precipitation reduced.
【學位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513;P461

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