發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-27 12:08

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：油水分離動(dòng)態(tài)膜制備、應(yīng)用及其形成機(jī)理研究　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 陶瓷膜 動(dòng)態(tài)膜 油水分離 膜清洗 厚度預(yù)測(cè)模型

【摘要】：油水污染是工業(yè)廢水中較難處理的一種,膜分離法較傳統(tǒng)方法有操作簡(jiǎn)單、能耗低、不使用添加劑等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但也存在嚴(yán)重的膜污染、膜再生困難等缺點(diǎn)。為解決這些問題,許多膜的改性及過程優(yōu)化技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,動(dòng)態(tài)膜是其中非常有效的一種。本文以多孔管式陶瓷膜為基膜,以ZrO2、Kaolin、MnO2、TiO2為涂膜顆粒制備不同類型單層動(dòng)態(tài)膜,首先設(shè)計(jì)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化制備條件,并考察主要因素對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)膜制備效果的影響,研究確定出單層動(dòng)態(tài)膜制備最優(yōu)條件為溫度50℃、壓力0.14MPa、流量120L/h、涂膜液濃度1.0g/L和涂膜顆粒為Zr02；其次,在最優(yōu)條件下制備雙層復(fù)合動(dòng)態(tài)膜,并與單層單顆粒、單層雙顆�；旌蟿�(dòng)態(tài)膜性能進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)通量最大的為Zr02單層動(dòng)態(tài)膜,截留率最高的是Kaolin-ZrO2雙層動(dòng)態(tài)膜。在動(dòng)態(tài)膜制備基礎(chǔ)上,本文設(shè)計(jì)正交實(shí)驗(yàn),由極差分析與綜合平衡法確定動(dòng)態(tài)膜油水分離的最優(yōu)操作條件為乳化液濃度0.5g/L、pH值5、溫度50-C、流量100L/h、壓力0.14MPa。主要影響因素實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,油水分離通量隨著壓力的增大先增大后減小；隨乳化液溫度的升高先增大后減小；隨乳化液pH值增大先增大后減小；乳化液中添加陽離子鹽后,其通量大于加入陰離子鹽,且陽離子強(qiáng)度越大滲透通量越大,陰離子反之。在分析油水分離膜污染機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇NaOH、HCl、吐溫80和檸檬酸為清洗劑,確定最佳清洗順序應(yīng)采取“堿洗→吐溫80→酸洗→檸檬酸”；設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行單步和多步清洗,考察通量恢復(fù)情況,單步清洗確定各類化學(xué)試劑的最佳濃度與清洗時(shí)間；在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)二步清洗、三步清洗和四步清洗實(shí)驗(yàn),其中四步清洗最佳,通量總恢復(fù)率為79.8%；重復(fù)清洗后,陶瓷膜基膜能實(shí)現(xiàn)3或4次的重復(fù)使用。基于臨界粒徑模型,考慮了動(dòng)態(tài)膜層孔隙率隨時(shí)間的變化,建立預(yù)測(cè)錯(cuò)流微濾動(dòng)態(tài)膜形成過程中顆粒沉積厚度的模型,并設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證模型；減小涂膜液濃度或增加錯(cuò)流速度,可以使動(dòng)態(tài)膜層厚度變薄且均勻性變好；增大操作壓力可以降低動(dòng)態(tài)膜層厚度,但對(duì)均勻性幾乎沒有影響；在圓周方向上從0°到180°逐漸變薄,提高錯(cuò)流速度能減小此種差異；實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了模型的可靠性。本文構(gòu)建了油水分離動(dòng)態(tài)膜制備及分離實(shí)驗(yàn)條件優(yōu)化、污染機(jī)理分析及清洗方案確定、動(dòng)態(tài)膜厚度預(yù)測(cè)分析的一個(gè)完整的研究體系,將為動(dòng)態(tài)膜的研究及應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Oil and water pollution is a difficult way to deal with in industrial wastewater. Membrane separation has many advantages, such as simple operation, low energy consumption and no additives. Compared with traditional methods, membrane fouling has many disadvantages, such as membrane fouling and membrane regeneration. In order to solve these problems, many membrane modification and process optimization techniques emerge as the times require. Dynamic film is one of the most effective ones. In this paper, porous tubular ceramic membranes were prepared with different types of dynamic membrane coating granules was monolayer with ZrO2, Kaolin, MnO2, TiO2, firstly, orthogonal experimental design to optimize the preparation conditions, and the influence factors of preparation effect of dynamic membrane system, studied the dynamic monolayer membrane preparation conditions for the optimal temperature of 50 C, pressure 0.14MPa, flow 120L/h, solution concentration and coating 1.0g/L particles as Zr02; secondly, the preparation of composite dynamic membrane under the optimal conditions, and single particles, single double particle mixing dynamic membrane properties were found through comparison, the largest amount of Zr02 single dynamic membrane, the highest retention is Kaolin-ZrO2 double dynamic membrane. On the basis of dynamic membrane preparation, the orthogonal experiment was designed in this paper. The best operation conditions of dynamic membrane oil and water separation were determined by range analysis and comprehensive balance method. The optimal operation conditions were emulsion concentration 0.5g/L, pH value 5, temperature 50-C, flow rate 100L/h and pressure 0.14MPa. The main factors that affect the experimental results show that the separation of oil and water flux increase with the pressure increases first and then decreases; the first increase with the emulsion temperature and then decreases; increase increased firstly and then decreased with the pH value of emulsion; emulsion adding cationic salt, the anion flux is greater than the added salt, and the greater the intensity of cation permeability the bigger the flux, whereas anion. Based on the mechanism of membrane fouling in water on the analysis of NaOH, HCl, Twain, 80 and citric acid as cleaning agents, cleaning should be taken to determine the optimal order of alkali washing, acid pickling, citric acid, Twain 80 "; experiments are designed for single step and multi-step cleaning, inspection flux recovery, to determine the optimal concentration and cleaning step the cleaning time of various chemical reagents; on this basis, the design of the two step of cleaning, three step and four step cleaning cleaning experiment, the four step of cleaning the best, the total flux recovery rate was 79.8%; after repeated cleaning, repeated use of ceramic membrane can achieve 3 or 4 times. The critical particle size based on the model, considering the dynamic film porosity changes with time, predict the dynamic cross flow microfiltration membrane formation thickness in the process of particle deposition model, and design experiment to verify the model; reduce the solution concentration or increasing the cross flow velocity, the dynamic film thickness becomes thinner and the better homogeneity increases; the dynamic pressure can reduce the thickness of the film, but has almost no effect on uniformity; in the circumferential direction from 0 degrees to 180 degrees gradually thinning, increase the cross flow velocity can reduce the difference; the experimental results verify the reliability of the model. A complete research system for the preparation and separation of oil and water separation dynamic membrane, the optimization of experimental conditions, the analysis of fouling mechanism, the determination of cleaning scheme and the prediction of dynamic membrane thickness will be established, which will lay a foundation for the research and application of dynamic membrane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893;X703

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本文編號(hào)：1341638