本文關(guān)鍵詞：銅渣提鐵綜合利用試驗(yàn)研究　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 銅渣 直接還原 熔融還原 焙燒 金屬鐵

【摘要】：目前我國(guó)銅產(chǎn)量的90%以上均為火法冶煉生產(chǎn),火法冶煉生產(chǎn)1t精銅將產(chǎn)出2.2t左右渣。2015年底我國(guó)精煉銅產(chǎn)能為1056萬(wàn)噸,按這個(gè)產(chǎn)能計(jì)算,我國(guó)2015年就產(chǎn)出2300萬(wàn)噸的冶煉銅渣,這些銅渣不僅占用大量的土地,銅渣中含有的各種堿性重金屬還污染土地和當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境。通過(guò)對(duì)甘肅某廠提供的銅渣進(jìn)行化學(xué)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)銅渣中含有多種有價(jià)金屬,特別是鐵元素含量可達(dá)40%,高于我國(guó)很多礦石品位。如果可以有效的回收利用銅渣中的鐵,僅2015年所產(chǎn)銅渣就可以回收近1000萬(wàn)噸鐵。由此可見(jiàn),回收利用銅渣中的鐵可以減輕當(dāng)?shù)劂~渣堆存占地和環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題。本課題以此銅渣為原料,對(duì)銅渣進(jìn)行理化分析和礦相分析,探討相關(guān)因素對(duì)銅渣直接還原和熔融還原提鐵的影響,以獲得實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下銅渣提鐵的最優(yōu)影響參數(shù),為后續(xù)的半工業(yè)化和工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)提供理論指導(dǎo)和基本的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。現(xiàn)有銅渣中的鐵的賦存形式主要是鐵橄欖石(Fe2SiO4),鐵橄欖石穩(wěn)定性高且還原性能差,如果直接進(jìn)行提鐵實(shí)驗(yàn),銅渣堿度僅為0.4,銅渣中FeO活度較低,阻礙還原反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,在此堿度條件下的還原開(kāi)始溫度可達(dá)1042.2K,加大了還原成本,因此在銅渣提鐵前需要對(duì)試樣進(jìn)行改質(zhì)處理,調(diào)整銅渣的堿度。實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),向銅渣中添加一定量的CaO,可以使銅渣中的鐵橄欖石中穩(wěn)定的SiO2被替換,降低了還原反應(yīng)的開(kāi)始溫度,且隨著CaO的加入,熔池堿度增加,FeO活度隨之增加。但過(guò)量的CaO會(huì)使渣黏度增加,阻礙反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行;此外,利用動(dòng)力學(xué)知識(shí)對(duì)影響熔融還原反應(yīng)的因素進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著溫度的增加,渣的黏度會(huì)隨之降低,從分子理論講,渣黏度降低,反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)條件得到改善,鐵的還原率上升,但無(wú)限升高溫度并不能無(wú)限提高反應(yīng)速率,當(dāng)溫度超過(guò)一定范圍,還原反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡,此時(shí)繼續(xù)升高溫度對(duì)反應(yīng)影響不大。因此,實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)溫度和堿度對(duì)提鐵反應(yīng)的影響進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。此外,因銅渣改質(zhì)需要調(diào)整堿度添加CaO和還原劑煤粉,所以需要對(duì)其造球工藝進(jìn)行研究,判斷改質(zhì)后銅渣的成球性能及生球性能。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)銅渣造球工藝包括加水加料方法和造球機(jī)的控制方法的改善,對(duì)利用銅渣生產(chǎn)的生球進(jìn)行測(cè)試,發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)向銅渣中添加2%的膨潤(rùn)土可以增加生球的強(qiáng)度,且在堿度為1.0、1.2時(shí),生球性能包括落地強(qiáng)度、抗壓強(qiáng)度和爆裂溫度、干燥后生球的抗壓強(qiáng)度均可以滿足生產(chǎn)要求。利用球團(tuán)繼續(xù)冶煉試驗(yàn),利用控制變量的方法對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)每100g銅渣配28.08gCaO即銅渣堿度達(dá)到1.2時(shí),添加13.3g的煤進(jìn)行還原,還原溫度1450℃并保溫50min的條件下,鐵還原率最高,渣鐵分離效果最好。在此條件下進(jìn)行半工業(yè)化實(shí)驗(yàn),可得到鐵還原率80.9%的效果,達(dá)到實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?br/>[Abstract]:At present, more than 90% of the copper production in China is produced by fire smelting, and the production of 1t fine copper by fire smelting will produce about 2.2t slag. At the end of 2015, the capacity of China's refined copper was 10 million 560 thousand tons. According to this capacity calculation, China produced 23 million tons of smelting slag in 2015. These copper slag not only occupied a lot of land, but also all kinds of alkaline heavy metals contained in copper slag, which also pollute the land and the local environment. Through chemical analysis of copper slag from a factory in Gansu, it is found that copper slag contains a variety of valuable metals, especially iron content, up to 40%, which is much higher than that of many ore grades in China. If iron can be recovered and utilized effectively in copper slag, nearly 10 million tons of iron can be recovered in 2015 only. Thus, the recycling of copper slag in iron copper slag can reduce the local storage area and the problem of environmental pollution. This topic this copper slag as raw material, chemical analysis and mineral phase analysis of copper slag, and explore the related factors of copper slag reduction and smelting reduction iron extraction effect, in order to obtain the optimal laboratory conditions of copper slag iron parameters, to provide theoretical guidance and experimental data for the semi industrialization and industrialized production subsequent. The existing forms of iron existing in copper slag is mainly iron olivine (Fe2SiO4), fayalite high stability and reduction of poor performance, if the direct iron extraction experiment, copper slag basicity is 0.4, copper slag in FeO activity is low, hindering the reduction reaction, start the temperature up to 1042.2K under the condition of reduction in alkalinity increase the cost reduction, therefore, need to put in copper slag samples modified iron, copper slag alkalinity adjustment. It was found in experiment that adding a certain amount of CaO to copper slag can make the stable SiO2 in iron slag of copper slag be replaced, and reduce the starting temperature of reduction reaction. With the addition of CaO, the basicity of molten pool increases, and the activity of FeO increases. But excessive CaO may make the slag viscosity increase, which hindered the progress of the reaction; in addition, the factors influencing on the reduction reaction of melt using the dynamic analysis of knowledge, it is found that with increasing temperature, the viscosity of slag decreases from the molecular theory, the slag viscosity decreased, the dynamic reaction conditions are improved, the reduction rate of iron rise, but infinite temperature does not infinitely increase the rate of reaction, when the temperature exceeds a certain range, balanced reduction reaction, this continues to increase in temperature has little effect on the reaction. Therefore, the effect of temperature and alkalinity on the reaction of iron extraction was studied in the experiment. In addition, copper slag needs to adjust the alkalinity and increase CaO and reductant powder. Therefore, it is necessary to study its pelletizing process and determine the pelletizing property and pellet property of copper slag after modification. After the copper slag pelletizing process control method comprises water feeding method and balling machine improved, tested using copper slag production ball, found by adding 2% to the copper slag in bentonite can increase the green ball strength, and the basicity is 1 and 1.2, the compressive strength of green ball the performance including landing strength, compressive strength and burst temperature, after drying the ball can meet the production requirements. The pellet to smelting test, the test results were analyzed by the method of controlling variables, found that each 100g 28.08gCaO copper copper slag with basicity of slag reached 1.2, adding 13.3g coal reduction, reduction temperature of 1450 DEG C and the insulation of 50min, iron reduction rate is the highest, the best slag iron separation effect. Under the conditions of semi industrialization under this condition, the effect of iron reduction rate of 80.9% can be obtained, and the experimental purpose is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X758;TF56
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本文編號(hào)：1340166