【摘要】：濕度和人們的生產(chǎn)生活密切相關(guān)，對(duì)人體舒適度、產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過(guò)程與質(zhì)量以及物品保存等都有重要意義。環(huán)境濕度的波動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)文物、藥品、高端珠寶等造成嚴(yán)重的破壞。特別是像紡織品文物這樣的有機(jī)質(zhì)文物，對(duì)濕度的變化更為敏感。過(guò)去對(duì)調(diào)濕材料的研究主要著眼于材料的調(diào)濕速率和濕容量上，目標(biāo)是制備出調(diào)濕速率快，濕容量大的高效調(diào)濕材料。課題組經(jīng)過(guò)幾年的研究，制備了包括調(diào)濕紙板、調(diào)濕球等8種不同成分的不同類型的高效調(diào)濕材料。但隨著對(duì)調(diào)濕材料的應(yīng)用研究的深入，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)相比于調(diào)濕速率和濕容量，保證調(diào)試性能的穩(wěn)定性才是至關(guān)重要的。因此，本課題旨在保證調(diào)濕材料具有相對(duì)較優(yōu)的調(diào)濕速率和濕容量的前提下，制備出一種具有穩(wěn)定調(diào)濕性能的材料。 本課題根據(jù)紡織品文物存放環(huán)境的特殊要求，通過(guò)對(duì)介孔二氧化硅金屬離子摻雜和擴(kuò)孔等改性，測(cè)試其調(diào)濕性能，得到一種最適宜紡織品文物保護(hù)館藏應(yīng)用的調(diào)濕材料，得出孔道結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)調(diào)濕性能的關(guān)系。本課題在常規(guī)調(diào)濕性能測(cè)試方法的基礎(chǔ)上，測(cè)試不同吸濕率情況下的平衡濕度，通過(guò)分析兩者的關(guān)系，得出了不同材料的調(diào)控濕度精確度，以期更全面地對(duì)材料調(diào)濕性能進(jìn)行評(píng)估。主要研究結(jié)果如下： （1）選用三嵌段共聚物P123作為模板劑在酸性介質(zhì)下制備的SBA-15，是具有排布規(guī)整的六邊形孔道結(jié)構(gòu)的介孔材料，平均孔徑6.03nm，具有較高比表面積和孔容，目標(biāo)濕度為59.7%，符合紡織品文物存放環(huán)境濕度范圍40%-60%，但略高于最佳濕度50%的要求。通過(guò)一步法和后處理法對(duì)其進(jìn)行金屬摻雜改性，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)只有一步法Si/Al=10和后處理法Si/Al=50的兩種樣品目標(biāo)濕度存在細(xì)微下降，因此，金屬改性對(duì)材料目標(biāo)濕度的影響較小，通過(guò)金屬改性大幅度降低目標(biāo)濕度的方法無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)。 （2）選用離子型表面活性劑CTAB在堿性介質(zhì)中制備MCM-41，堿性介質(zhì)、溫度的選擇以及模板劑和硅源的用量都會(huì)對(duì)其表面形貌、介孔的有序性、粒徑大小和分散性產(chǎn)生影響。加入輔助劑TMB對(duì)其進(jìn)行擴(kuò)孔改性，得到一系列不同孔徑的MCM-41，幾種樣品的氮?dú)馕?脫附等溫線都屬于LangmuirⅣ型。隨著輔助劑用量的增加，孔徑逐步增大，孔徑分布先變窄后變寬，晶胞參數(shù)和衍射強(qiáng)度均呈現(xiàn)出先增大后減小的變化趨勢(shì)。 （3）選用離子型表面活性劑CTAB在堿性介質(zhì)中制備MCM-41，當(dāng)[TMB]/[CTAB]=2.5和[TMB]/[CTAB]=5，孔徑分別是3.64nm和4.01nm，，目標(biāo)濕度分別是49.3%和50.1%，且調(diào)濕精確度較高，最符合紡織品文物濕度范圍要求，這主要和其孔徑大小和孔徑分布情況有關(guān)。 本文制備的調(diào)濕材料具有工藝簡(jiǎn)單、調(diào)濕性能優(yōu)異、調(diào)濕穩(wěn)定性和重復(fù)性好等特點(diǎn)。對(duì)于濕度敏感性強(qiáng)的有機(jī)質(zhì)文物具有積極地保護(hù)作用，可為文物創(chuàng)造一個(gè)恒濕干凈的存放環(huán)境，對(duì)我國(guó)文物的預(yù)防性保護(hù)工作具有積極的意義。
[Abstract]:Humidity is closely related to people's production and life. It is of great significance to human body comfort, product production process and quality, and the preservation of articles. Environmental humidity fluctuations will cause serious damage to cultural relics, medicines, high-end jewelry and so on. In particular, organic artifacts such as textiles are more sensitive to changes in humidity. In the past, the research of humidifying materials mainly focused on the humidity regulation rate and capacity of the materials, and the goal was to prepare high efficiency humidification materials with high humidity regulation rate and large humidity capacity. After several years of research, eight kinds of high efficient humidifying materials including humidifying board and humidifying ball were prepared. However, with the further research on the application of humidifying materials, we find that it is very important to ensure the stability of the debugging performance compared with the humidification rate and the humidity capacity. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to prepare a kind of stable humidification material under the premise of better humidity regulation rate and humidity capacity. According to the special requirements of the storage environment of textile cultural relics, through the modification of mesoporous silica metal ions doping and pore reaming, the moisturizing properties of the materials are tested, and a moisturizing material is obtained, which is most suitable for the application of textile heritage preservation collections. The relationship between pore structure and humidification performance is obtained. On the basis of the conventional moisture adjusting performance test methods, this paper tests the equilibrium humidity under different moisture absorption rates, and through analyzing the relationship between the two, the accuracy of humidity control of different materials is obtained. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the humidification performance of the material more comprehensively. The main results are as follows: (1) the SBA-15, prepared by using triblock copolymer P123 as template in acidic medium is a mesoporous material with hexagonal pore structure, with an average pore size of 6.03 nm. It has high specific surface area and pore volume, and the target humidity is 59.7%, which accords with the range of 40% -60% humidity in the storage environment of textile relics, but is slightly higher than the requirement of 50% of the optimum humidity. Through the one-step method and the post-treatment method, it is found that only one-step Si/Al=10 and post-treatment Si/Al=50 have slight decrease in the target humidity of the two samples, so the metal modification has little effect on the target humidity of the material. It is impossible to reduce the target humidity by metal modification. (2) the ionic surfactant CTAB is used to prepare MCM-41, alkaline medium in alkaline medium. The selection of temperature and the amount of template and silicon source will affect the surface morphology, mesoporous order, particle size and dispersion. A series of MCM-41, samples with different pore sizes were modified by adding auxiliary agent TMB. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of a series of MCM-41, samples all belong to Langmuir 鈪

本文編號(hào)：2371731