【摘要】：膜分離作為一個(gè)具有發(fā)展前景的技術(shù),近年來(lái)已逐漸被應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生產(chǎn)中,其中,滲透氣化是膜分離技術(shù)中的一個(gè)分支,對(duì)于難以分離的體系具有很廣泛的研究?jī)r(jià)值,很多學(xué)者在這方面做了很多研究,取得了很大的進(jìn)展,如苯酚的分離、氫氣的提純等,常用的材料基本以聚砜、聚丙烯腈等為主,開(kāi)發(fā)新的膜分離材料已成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。近年來(lái)對(duì)聚酯分離材料的研究很少,本文著重介紹了以聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate)為支撐層的硅橡膠復(fù)合膜的制備過(guò)程中,硅橡膠(PDMS107)、正硅酸乙酯(TAOS,交聯(lián)劑)、二月桂酸二丁基錫(DD,催化劑)在其成膜過(guò)程中的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)硅橡膠含量的增加使得分離系數(shù)逐漸增加,滲透通量卻逐漸減小,正硅酸乙酯含量的增加導(dǎo)致分離系數(shù)逐漸降低,滲透通量卻逐漸增加,催化劑含量的變化量對(duì)分離效果沒(méi)有影響,但隨其增加,滲透通量逐漸減小,從而總結(jié)出了最佳的制膜條件。在此基礎(chǔ)上,考察了分離乙醇水物系時(shí),乙醇濃度、膜下側(cè)壓力、溫度等幾個(gè)因素對(duì)復(fù)合膜分離性能的影響,結(jié)果表明,與以往的研究不同,隨著乙醇濃度的增加,分離系數(shù)和滲透通量都不是線性遞增或遞減的,分離系數(shù)先增加后減小,滲透通量則先減小后增加。而溫度及膜下側(cè)壓力對(duì)分離系數(shù)和滲透通量的影響則是線形的,溫度的增加導(dǎo)致膜分離系數(shù)增加,滲透通量也增加,膜下側(cè)壓力的增加則使得分離系數(shù)和滲透通量都減小。為了使此復(fù)合膜的分離性能有所改善,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了改性,在制備過(guò)程中,填充了納米氣相法二氧化硅(又稱氣相法白炭黑),研究了影響其在硅橡膠溶液中分散性的因素,發(fā)現(xiàn)添加白炭黑的同時(shí),放入正硅酸乙酯,可以加快其分散速度,催化劑的加入只是促進(jìn)了其分散速度,單獨(dú)加入催化劑對(duì)分散性沒(méi)有影響。隨后對(duì)改性硅橡膠復(fù)合膜進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),結(jié)果表明,分離因子確實(shí)有所提高,極值位置也有所改變,但滲透通量卻有所降低。
[Abstract]:Membrane separation, as a promising technology, has been gradually applied in practical production in recent years. Among them, permeation gasification is a branch of membrane separation technology, which has a wide range of research value for difficult separation systems. Many scholars have made great progress in this field, such as the separation of phenol, purification of hydrogen and so on. The common materials are mainly polysulfone and polyacrylonitrile. It is urgent to develop new membrane separation materials. In recent years, few studies have been done on polyester separation materials. In this paper, the preparation of silicone rubber composite membrane with polyethylene terephthalate (polyethylene terephthalate) as the supporting layer was introduced. The effects of silicone rubber (PDMS107), ethyl orthosilicate (TAOS,) crosslinking agent and diDing Ji tin dilaurate (DD,) on the film formation were investigated. It was found that the increase of silicone rubber content increased the separation coefficient and decreased the permeation flux. The increase of ethyl orthosilicate content led to the decrease of separation coefficient and the increase of permeation flux, but the change of catalyst content had no effect on the separation effect, but with the increase of catalyst content, the permeation flux gradually decreased. The optimum conditions of film preparation were summarized. On this basis, the effects of several factors, such as ethanol concentration, lateral pressure and temperature, on the separation performance of the composite membrane were investigated. The results showed that the separation performance of the composite membrane was different from previous studies, with the increase of ethanol concentration. The separation coefficient and permeation flux are not linearly increased or decreased. The separation coefficient first increases and then decreases, while the permeation flux decreases first and then increases. The effects of temperature and pressure under membrane on separation coefficient and permeation flux are linear. The increase of temperature leads to the increase of membrane separation coefficient and permeation flux, while the increase of undermembrane lateral pressure makes the separation coefficient and permeation flux decrease. In order to improve the separation performance of the composite membrane, the composite membrane was modified. In the process of preparation, silica was filled with nano-gas phase method (also known as silica by gas phase method), and the factors affecting its dispersity in silicone rubber solution were studied. It was found that the addition of silica at the same time, the addition of ethyl orthosilicate could accelerate the dispersing rate of silica, but the addition of catalyst only promoted the dispersion rate, but the addition of catalyst alone had no effect on the dispersity. Then the modified silicone rubber composite membrane was tested. The results showed that the separation factor was improved and the extreme position was changed, but the permeation flux was decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893

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