【摘要】：鉻鹽在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有不可或缺的角色,而且其需求量在逐年增大。含鉻鋁泥是鉻鹽生產(chǎn)的主要固體廢棄物,其中相當(dāng)數(shù)量的劇毒六價(jià)鉻是以鉻酸鈉鹽以及結(jié)合態(tài)形式與鋁泥中其它成分共存,必須在排放之前加以無害化處理。對(duì)含鉻鋁泥綜合利用的研究和開發(fā),不僅能提高我國(guó)鉻鹽生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,而且能有效保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。本文以重慶某鉻鹽廠的含鉻鋁泥為研究處理對(duì)象,在實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一套綜合利用含鉻鋁泥的工藝路線。首先利用打漿水洗的方法除去大部分易溶六價(jià)鉻鹽,使含鉻鋁泥中的六價(jià)鉻含量降低至5%以下;然后利用電滲析的方法除去剩余少量可溶解六價(jià)鉻鹽:即在含鉻鋁泥的漿態(tài)溶液兩端施加外部電場(chǎng),利用電場(chǎng)作用將少量可溶六價(jià)鉻鹽從鋁泥中遷移出來,使鋁泥中的六價(jià)鉻含量降低至1%以下;剩余1%的六價(jià)鉻主要為結(jié)合態(tài),則采用還原劑將其還原為無毒的三價(jià)鉻。解毒之后的含鉻鋁泥,分離出其中的三價(jià)鋁并生產(chǎn)高純氧化鋁,剩余泥漿返回裝置再利用。本論文對(duì)含鉻鋁泥的打漿水洗、電滲析、溶出還原等過程的工藝過程及條件進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化;并在提取三價(jià)鋁過程中,分別研究了苛性堿濃度、溫度和反應(yīng)時(shí)間等條件對(duì)Al(OH)3浸出率的影響;在碳酸化分解制氧化鋁的過程中,通過控制分解的溫度、添加劑的用量、攪拌速度等條件,得到高純的煉鋁用氧化鋁。
[Abstract]:Chromium salt occupies an indispensable role in the national economy, and its demand is increasing year by year. The chromium containing aluminum mud is the main solid waste in the production of chromic salt. A considerable amount of the toxic six valence chromium is coexisting with other ingredients in the aluminum mud with sodium chromate and the form of binding. The research and development of comprehensive utilization of mud can not only improve the economic benefit of Chinese chromium salt production enterprises, but also effectively protect the ecological environment. In this paper, based on the study of chromium containing aluminum sludge in a chromium salt plant in Chongqing, a set of technological route for comprehensive utilization of chromium containing aluminum mud is put forward on the basis of the experiment. Most easily soluble six valent chromium salts reduce the six valence chromium content in the chromic aluminum mud to less than 5%, and then remove a small amount of soluble six chromic salts by electrodialysis: the external electric field is applied at both ends of the slurry solution of the chromium containing aluminum mud, and a small amount of soluble six valent chromium salts are migrated from the aluminum mud by the effect of the electric field to make the aluminum mud. The content of six valence chromium is reduced to less than 1%, and the six valence chromium of the remaining 1% is mainly the binding state, then the reduction agent is reduced to nontoxic trivalent chromium. The chromium containing aluminum mud after detoxification is used to separate the trivalent aluminum and produce high purity alumina, and the residual mud is returned to the device. The process and conditions of the original process were optimized. In the process of extracting trivalent aluminum, the effects of the concentration of caustic alkali, temperature and reaction time on the leaching rate of Al (OH) 3 were studied. In the process of carbonization and decomposition of alumina, the temperature, the amount of additives and the stirring speed were controlled by the conditions of the decomposition temperature, the amount of additives and the stirring speed. Alumina is used for pure aluminum smelting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ133.1

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本文編號(hào)：2159293