本文選題：鉑納米晶 + 催化劑　； 參考：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：燃料電池是一種將化學(xué)能高效轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的電化學(xué)裝置，是解決當(dāng)前能源危機(jī)的一種有效途徑，受到廣大科研人員的密切關(guān)注。電催化劑是決定燃料電池性能的關(guān)鍵因素之一。目前燃料電池中廣泛使用的電催化劑的主要成分為貴金屬鉑納米材料，這主要?dú)w咎于其優(yōu)異的催化性能。但是鉑的存儲(chǔ)量少，價(jià)格昂貴，在實(shí)際催化過(guò)程中容易發(fā)生CO中毒，因此鉑納米催化劑催化性能的提高具有重要意義。本論文主要致力于制備高催化活性的鉑納米催化劑，并對(duì)它們的電催化性能進(jìn)行研究。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： 1、超支化鉑納米晶的制備及其電化學(xué)性能研究 我們通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)易的液相化學(xué)還原法制備了超支化鉑納米晶催化劑：在室溫環(huán)境下，以氯鉑酸作為鉑的前驅(qū)體，水和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分別作為溶劑和表面活性劑，以抗壞血酸為還原劑。透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)的表征結(jié)果顯示鉑納米晶呈現(xiàn)分散性良好的超支化結(jié)構(gòu)。該催化劑在甲醇的電化學(xué)氧化反應(yīng)中表現(xiàn)出良好的催化活性，其面積比活性是商業(yè)Pt/C催化劑的1.6倍。 2、八面體鉑納米簇的制備及其電化學(xué)性能研究 我們通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)易的一步水熱法制備了八面體鉑納米簇催化劑：在高溫高壓實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下，以水為溶劑，氯鉑酸為鉑的前驅(qū)體，葡萄糖為還原劑，，十六烷基三甲基溴化銨為結(jié)構(gòu)誘導(dǎo)劑。透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)和場(chǎng)發(fā)射掃描電鏡(FESEM)的表征結(jié)果顯示鉑納米晶呈現(xiàn)分散性良好的八面體納米簇結(jié)構(gòu)。該催化劑在甲醇的電化學(xué)氧化反應(yīng)中表現(xiàn)出良好的催化活性，其質(zhì)量比活性是商業(yè)Pt/C催化劑的1.86倍。 3、一步法制備三維枝狀鉑納米晶體 我們通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)易的一步水熱法制備了三維枝狀鉑納米晶體催化劑：在高溫高壓實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下，以水為溶劑，氯鉑酸為鉑的前驅(qū)體，果糖為還原劑。透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)的表征結(jié)果顯示鉑納米晶呈現(xiàn)分散性良好的三維枝狀結(jié)構(gòu)。該催化劑在甲醇的電化學(xué)氧化反應(yīng)中表現(xiàn)出良好的催化活性，其質(zhì)量比活性是商業(yè)Pt/C催化劑的2.5倍。
[Abstract]:Fuel cell is an electrochemical device which can efficiently convert chemical energy into electric energy. It is an effective way to solve the current energy crisis and has been paid close attention to by many researchers. Electrocatalyst is one of the key factors to determine the performance of fuel cells. At present, the main component of the widely used electrocatalysts in fuel cells is precious metal platinum nanomaterials, which is mainly attributed to their excellent catalytic performance. However, due to the small storage and high price of platinum, CO poisoning is easy to occur in the actual catalytic process, so it is of great significance to improve the catalytic performance of platinum nanocatalysts. In this thesis, platinum nanocatalysts with high catalytic activity were prepared and their electrocatalytic properties were studied. Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Hyperbranched Platinum Nanocrystals; We prepared hyperbranched platinum nanocrystalline catalysts by a simple liquid-phase chemical reduction method: at room temperature, Chloroplatinic acid was used as precursor of platinum, water and polyvinylpyrrolidone as solvent and surfactant, ascorbic acid as reductant respectively. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that platinum nanocrystals exhibit a well-dispersed hyperbranched structure. The catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in the electrochemical oxidation of methanol. Preparation of octahedron platinum nanoclusters and their electrochemical properties; preparation of octahedron platinum nanoclusters and their electrochemical properties; preparation of octahedron platinum nanoclusters by a simple one-step hydrothermal method Agent: under the experimental conditions of high temperature and high pressure, Using water as solvent, chloroplatinic acid as precursor of platinum, glucose as reducing agent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as structure inducer. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) show that platinum nanocrystals exhibit good dispersion octahedron nanoclusters. The catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in the electrochemical oxidation of methanol. Its mass specific activity is 1.86 times higher than that of commercial Pt / C catalysts. 3. 3. Three-dimensional dendritic platinum nanocrystals were prepared by one step method, and we prepared three dimensional dendritic platinum nanocrystalline catalysts by a simple one step hydrothermal method. Under the experimental conditions of high temperature and high pressure, Using water as solvent, chloroplatinic acid as precursor of platinum, fructose as reducing agent. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that platinum nanocrystals exhibit a good dispersion of three-dimensional dendritic structure. The catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in the electrochemical oxidation of methanol, and its mass specific activity was 2.5 times higher than that of commercial Pt / C catalyst.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：O643.36;TM911.4

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本文編號(hào)：2099886