本文選題：鐵尾礦 + 微晶玻璃　； 參考：《沈陽建筑大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：微晶玻璃是一種通過對(duì)晶化過程的有效控制將基礎(chǔ)玻璃制成由晶相和玻璃相均勻分布的材料。它具有熱膨脹系數(shù)低,機(jī)械強(qiáng)度大以及顯著的耐腐蝕、耐磨、抗風(fēng)化性能和良好的抗熱震性能。在建筑、軍事、航空、生物醫(yī)學(xué)、機(jī)械工程等領(lǐng)域有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。我國每年排放近五億余噸金屬尾礦,其中絕大部分被當(dāng)作廢棄物進(jìn)行處理,這不僅破壞生態(tài),污染環(huán)境,還會(huì)造成浪費(fèi)資源。鐵尾礦中Si O2含量一般都在60%以上,其余的成分也都符合玻璃的組成范圍,適用于微晶玻璃的制備。本文以鐵尾礦作為主要原料,制備Ca O-Mg O-Al2O3-Si O2系統(tǒng)微晶玻璃。目前微晶玻璃的制備方法主要有整體析晶法(熔融法)和燒結(jié)法,這兩種方法都要經(jīng)過高溫熔融過程,生產(chǎn)周期長,能耗較高。本文針對(duì)上述問題,在考慮最大限度利用鐵尾礦的前提下,重點(diǎn)圍繞如何降低制備溫度這一關(guān)鍵問題,提出配合料直接燒結(jié)制備尾礦微晶玻璃的新途徑,并分別從基礎(chǔ)氧化物組成配比,助熔劑的種類、摻量以及熱處理制度的優(yōu)化三方面開展對(duì)鐵尾礦微晶玻璃燒結(jié)和析晶性能的影響研究。對(duì)基礎(chǔ)氧化物組成的研究結(jié)果表明:四種主要氧化物對(duì)微晶玻璃析晶溫度的影響主次為Ca OSi O2Al2O3Mg O,其中Ca O的摻量對(duì)析晶溫度影響顯著。隨著Ca O摻量的增加,微晶玻璃的核化溫度和晶化溫度均呈逐漸下降趨勢;試樣的耐酸性能,體積密度和抗壓強(qiáng)度都呈現(xiàn)先升后降的趨勢。以析晶溫度為考核指標(biāo),通過正交試驗(yàn)確定的基礎(chǔ)氧化物組成為Si O2:55%,Ca O:18%,Mg O:10%,Al2O3:7%。該組成配合料的核化溫度為830℃,晶化溫度為925℃,析出的主晶相為透輝石,次晶相為鈣長石。為了降低配合料的燒結(jié)溫度,在有限的燒制時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得更好的燒結(jié)質(zhì)量,本文在最佳基礎(chǔ)氧化物組成的基礎(chǔ)上添加不同種類、摻量的助熔劑,以起始燒結(jié)溫度、燒結(jié)范圍、燒結(jié)試樣的體積密度為考核指標(biāo)研究助熔劑對(duì)玻璃配合料燒結(jié)性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,Na2O+K2O與Ca F2復(fù)摻,摻量分別為4%時(shí)助熔效果最好,與摻不加助熔劑時(shí)相比,可使得起始燒結(jié)溫度降低70℃,燒結(jié)溫度范圍擴(kuò)大55℃,體積密度增大1.06g/cm3。在上述確定的基礎(chǔ)氧化物組成及復(fù)摻助熔劑的基礎(chǔ)上,本文又對(duì)配合料直接燒結(jié)法的熱處理制度進(jìn)行了研究。研究結(jié)果表明:隨著燒結(jié)時(shí)間、晶化時(shí)間的增加,鐵尾礦微晶玻璃的晶化率先增后減,晶體尺寸逐漸增大,試樣的體積密度先升后降。在保證晶化率達(dá)到50%以上的前提下,以體積密度為考核指標(biāo),經(jīng)正交優(yōu)化后,最終確定熱處理制度為燒結(jié)保溫時(shí)間為60 min,晶化保溫時(shí)間為60 min,燒結(jié)溫度至晶化溫度的升溫速率10℃/min。
[Abstract]:Glass-ceramics is a kind of material which is made from crystalline phase and glass phase by controlling the crystallization process effectively. It has low coefficient of thermal expansion, high mechanical strength, excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, weathering resistance and good thermal shock resistance. In architecture, military, aviation, biomedical, mechanical engineering and other fields have broad application prospects. Nearly 500 million tons of metal tailings are discharged every year in China and most of them are treated as wastes which not only destroy the ecology pollute the environment but also cause waste of resources. The content of Sio _ 2 in iron tailings is generally over 60%, and the other compositions are in accordance with the glass composition range, which is suitable for the preparation of glass-ceramics. In this paper, CaO-Mg O-Al _ 2O _ 3-SiO _ 2 glass-ceramics were prepared from iron tailings. At present, the main preparation methods of glass-ceramics are monolithic crystallization (melting method) and sintering method. Both of these two methods need high temperature melting process, long production cycle and high energy consumption. In this paper, on the premise of making maximum use of iron tailings and focusing on the key problem of how to reduce the preparation temperature, a new way of directly sintering tailings glass-ceramics is put forward in this paper. The effects of the composition of basic oxides, the kinds of fluxes, the amount of fluxes and the optimization of heat treatment on the sintering and crystallization properties of iron tailings glass-ceramics were studied. The results show that the effect of four main oxides on crystallization temperature of glass-ceramics is mainly CaOSiO2Al2O3MgO, in which the amount of Cao has a significant effect on crystallization temperature. With the increase of Cao content, the nucleation temperature and crystallization temperature of glass-ceramics decreased gradually, and the acid resistance, bulk density and compressive strength of the samples increased first and then decreased. The basic oxide composition determined by orthogonal test is Sio _ 2: 55 and Ca _ O: 18, mg O _ (10) 10 and Al _ 2O _ 3: 7. The nucleation temperature and crystallization temperature are 830 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2014175