本文關(guān)鍵詞： 景德鎮(zhèn)窯 軍窯 工匠 都昌人　出處：《景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷學院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：瓷器不僅是中國的偉大發(fā)明還是古代文明的重要象征,“瓷都”景德鎮(zhèn)就是杰出代表。明清時期,景德鎮(zhèn)的瓷器獨領(lǐng)風騷,極大的受到今人推崇,國際藏家、收藏市場無不以擁有一件明清時期景德鎮(zhèn)的瓷器而感到驕傲。精美的瓷器由窯工燒造而成,景德鎮(zhèn)窯工中都昌籍人士占絕大多數(shù),且對景德鎮(zhèn)制瓷業(yè)、經(jīng)濟和社會秩序影響很大。本文通過對文獻資料和歷史事件的梳理,結(jié)合田野考察,認為歷史上的“軍窯”與都昌籍人士介入景德鎮(zhèn)窯業(yè)有直接的關(guān)聯(lián)。元明“鄱陽湖之戰(zhàn)”后,大批明軍中的都昌籍軍人參與到繁重的御窯燒造中,從以體力為主的原料制備——“白土行”起步,逐步學習制瓷技術(shù)。進入清代早中期,逐漸掌握了窯戶坯房的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵,成長為景德鎮(zhèn)窯工匠中的主力軍。在都昌人的不斷努力下,景德鎮(zhèn)的瓷器生產(chǎn)幾乎都出自都昌人之手,為此都昌人對景德鎮(zhèn)制瓷業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重大的影響,同時也在景德鎮(zhèn)取得了極高的經(jīng)濟地位和社會地位,都昌幫在景德鎮(zhèn)稱雄稱霸,進而被載入史冊。景德鎮(zhèn)瓷業(yè)衰敗的重要原因：①西方因工業(yè)革命的發(fā)展,機械被大量用于制瓷領(lǐng)域,大大降低了制瓷成本,物美價廉的洋瓷,市場競爭力強,充斥著我國市場,景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器的市場份額銳減。②景德鎮(zhèn)制瓷業(yè)因受近代戰(zhàn)爭的影響,生產(chǎn)上頻頻受阻。③制瓷業(yè)的風險性提高,很多都昌窯戶將利潤由制瓷業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向土地,還有一些窯戶把財產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到自己的故鄉(xiāng),為家鄉(xiāng)人民做些好事、干些實事,從而提高了自己的社會地位并強化了封建宗族。用于景德鎮(zhèn)瓷業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和改進的資本就大大減少,從而阻礙了景德鎮(zhèn)制瓷業(yè)的創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Porcelain is not only a great invention of China, but also an important symbol of ancient civilization. Jingdezhen, the "porcelain capital", was an outstanding representative. The collection market is proud to have a piece of porcelain from Jingdezhen in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Fine porcelain is made by kiln workers, and the majority of Jingdezhen kiln workers are from Duchang, and they are also interested in the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen. The influence of economic and social order is very great. This paper combs the literature and historical events, combined with field investigation, After the war of Poyang Lake in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, a large number of soldiers from the Ming army took part in the heavy burning of the imperial kiln, and considered that there was a direct connection between the "military kiln" in history and the involvement of the people of Duchang nationality in the kiln industry of Jingdezhen. Starting from the preparation of raw materials based on physical strength-"white earth line", we gradually learned the porcelain making technology. In the early and middle Qing Dynasty, we gradually grasped the technical key of the kiln house, and grew into the main force among the craftsmen of Jingdezhen kiln. With the continuous efforts of the people of Duchang, The porcelain production in Jingdezhen almost came from the hands of Duchang people, for this reason, the people of Duchang had a great influence on the development of the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen, and at the same time, they also obtained a very high economic and social status in Jingdezhen. Duchang Gang dominated Jingdezhen and was then recorded in history. The important reason for the decline of the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen was: 1. As a result of the development of the industrial revolution, machinery was extensively used in the field of porcelain making, which greatly reduced the cost of making porcelain and reduced the quality and low price of foreign porcelain. The market competitive power is strong, is flooding our country market, the market share of Jingdezhen porcelain drops sharply .2 Jingdezhen porcelain industry is affected by the modern war, and the risk of the production of the porcelain industry of 3. 3 has been increased frequently because of the influence of the modern war. Many Duchang kilns have shifted their profits from the porcelain industry to the land, while others have transferred their property to their hometown, doing good deeds and doing practical work for the people in their hometown. The capital used in the technological innovation and improvement of Jingdezhen porcelain industry was greatly reduced, thus hindering the innovation and development of Jingdezhen porcelain industry.
【學位授予單位】：景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：J527;TQ174.6

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