【摘要】：隨著空間遙感器的迅速發(fā)展,大口徑反射鏡的支撐裝調(diào)技術(shù)受到越來越多的研究者的重視。由于大口徑反射鏡的鏡面在受到重力載荷和溫度載荷下會發(fā)生較大變形而影響成像質(zhì)量,本文設(shè)計了一套反射鏡支撐裝調(diào)機構(gòu)來減小鏡面變形。根據(jù)反射鏡的工況和面形精度指標(biāo),本文依次完成了反射鏡的基本尺寸的確定、反射鏡的輕量化設(shè)計、反射鏡支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計及反射鏡裝調(diào)機構(gòu)的設(shè)計,最后用有限元法分析鏡面變形結(jié)果。本文研究內(nèi)容分以下幾部分展開。首先,已知離軸三反光學(xué)設(shè)計結(jié)果中的主鏡口徑,結(jié)合經(jīng)驗公式得到反射鏡的厚度;對比各反射鏡材料結(jié)合反射鏡的工作環(huán)境確定反射鏡材料為SiC;對大口徑反射鏡進行輕量化設(shè)計并通過有限元軟件Solidworks Simulation分析對比各種支撐方式下的鏡面變形量,最終確定其背部支撐方式。其次,通過對比分析國內(nèi)外各類大口徑反射鏡支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)劣,結(jié)合反射鏡鏡面面形指標(biāo)要求進行反射鏡支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計。詳細(xì)介紹柔性鉸鏈的力學(xué)性能和結(jié)構(gòu)特點,確定支撐結(jié)構(gòu)為基于柔性鉸鏈的9點Kindle支撐,合理設(shè)計各支撐零件的尺寸,將支撐結(jié)構(gòu)與鏡座的連接副進行強度校核。再次,簡要介紹球鉸桿微位移實現(xiàn)原理和滾珠絲杠工作原理,根據(jù)反射鏡系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計要求確定裝調(diào)機構(gòu)為雙自由度回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)配合滾珠絲杠移動平臺的形式。根據(jù)工況及設(shè)計指標(biāo)確定絲杠、步進電機、球鉸桿等的尺寸和規(guī)格,最后對裝調(diào)系統(tǒng)進行精度分析。最后,利用有限元軟件Ansys Workbench 12.0對低溫大口徑反射鏡系統(tǒng)進行仿真分析。分析分為三大部分:重力對大口徑反射鏡鏡面面形的影響的分析;90K低溫對大口徑反射鏡鏡面面形的影響的分析;重力和90K低溫共同作用下大口徑反射鏡鏡面面形變化的分析。分析結(jié)果均滿足鏡面面形精度指標(biāo)的要求,驗證了該套反射鏡支撐裝調(diào)系統(tǒng)的合理性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of space remote sensor, more and more researchers pay attention to the supporting and adjusting technology of large aperture reflector. Because the mirror surface of large aperture mirror will deform greatly under gravity load and temperature load, a set of mirror supporting and adjusting mechanism is designed in this paper to reduce the deformation of mirror surface. According to the working condition and the precision index of the mirror, the basic dimension of the mirror, the lightweight design of the mirror, the design of the mirror supporting structure and the design of the mirror mounting and adjusting mechanism have been completed in this paper. Finally, the results of mirror deformation are analyzed by finite element method. The content of this paper is divided into the following parts. First of all, the diameter of primary mirror in the design result of off-axis triple mirror is known, and the thickness of mirror is obtained by combining the empirical formula, and the mirror material is determined to be SiC; by comparing each mirror material with the working environment of mirror. The light weight design of large aperture mirror is carried out, and the deformation of mirror surface under various supporting modes is analyzed and compared by finite element software Solidworks Simulation, and the back support mode is finally determined. Secondly, by comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of large aperture mirror supporting structure at home and abroad, the mirror supporting structure is designed in combination with the mirror surface shape index. The mechanical properties and structural characteristics of the flexure hinge are introduced in detail. The supporting structure is determined to be a 9-point Kindle support based on the flexure hinge. The dimensions of the supporting parts are reasonably designed and the connection pairs between the supporting structure and the mirror seat are checked. Thirdly, the realization principle of ball hinge rod micro-displacement and the working principle of ball screw are briefly introduced. According to the design requirements of the reflector system, the form of double degree of freedom rotary mechanism and ball screw moving platform is determined. The dimensions and specifications of the screw, step motor and ball hinge are determined according to the working conditions and design indexes. Finally, the accuracy of the installation and adjustment system is analyzed. Finally, the low temperature large aperture reflector system is simulated and analyzed by finite element software Ansys Workbench 12.0. The analysis is divided into three parts: the analysis of the influence of gravity on the mirror shape of the large aperture mirror, the analysis of the influence of the 90K low temperature on the mirror shape of the large aperture mirror, and the analysis of the change of the mirror shape of the large aperture mirror under the combined action of gravity and 90K low temperature. The results of the analysis all meet the requirements of the specular shape precision index, and verify the rationality of the mirror supporting and adjusting system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：V443.5

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