【摘要】：空中交通管制員的工作表現(xiàn)直接影響到空中交通的安全和順暢,其工作質(zhì)量對航空器的安全、高效運行有非常重要的作用。管制員的工作負荷大小一直以來都是熱點的話題,如何準確的計算管制員的工作負荷水平也一直是空中交通管理中人為因素研究的重點問題。目前,業(yè)界對于管制員工作負荷水平的計算和評估研究主要集中于問卷式和調(diào)查式等。在調(diào)查式方法中使用較多的是基于扇區(qū)復雜性因素的管制員工作負荷問題研究,以扇區(qū)復雜性為基礎(chǔ)計算管制員的工作負荷水平。目前,扇區(qū)復雜性研究很多都以扇區(qū)內(nèi)航空器數(shù)量作為表征扇區(qū)的任務難度,在某種程度上這些方法都可以反映一部分的工作負荷。但現(xiàn)有文獻表明,以上方法測量的管制員工作負荷未考慮扇區(qū)的一些與和航空器數(shù)量在內(nèi)的動態(tài)因素存在相關(guān)關(guān)系的扇區(qū)靜態(tài)因素,無法真實有效的計算和評估管制員的工作負荷大小。 本文以區(qū)域管制員的工作任務為例,采用雷達模擬的方法對管制員的工作任務進行了模擬,討論分析了影響管制員工作負荷的扇區(qū)復雜性因素,并將其分成了靜態(tài)和動態(tài)因素兩類基礎(chǔ)因素,并組成了扇區(qū)復雜性基礎(chǔ)變量。在扇區(qū)復雜性因素的基礎(chǔ)變量的基礎(chǔ)上,使用線性和非線性兩種方法對比分析、評估,建立管制員工作負荷的數(shù)學計算模型,力求對管制員工作負荷水平進行更加準確的計算和評估。 本文使用三個不同靜態(tài)扇區(qū)復雜度的管制模擬情景,以區(qū)域管制員為被試,研究了不同情境條件下的管制員工作負荷水平,使用扇區(qū)復雜性的基礎(chǔ)變量構(gòu)建了基于扇區(qū)復雜性因素的管制員工作負荷模。模型檢驗結(jié)果表明,在使用靜態(tài)和動態(tài)扇區(qū)復雜性因素結(jié)合方法的復雜性因素的管制員工作負荷計算建立的模型的效果優(yōu)于單獨使用動態(tài)扇區(qū)復雜性因素的管制員工作負荷模型；在使用非線性方法建立的管制員工作負荷模型的預測結(jié)果表明,其模型的有效性高于使用常規(guī)的線性方法建立的管制員工作負荷評估模型。對比結(jié)果表明,基于靜態(tài)和動態(tài)結(jié)合的扇區(qū)復雜性因素建立的管制員工作負荷非線性模型的預測能力和預測性能更好,能更加準確的評估管制員的工作負荷。
[Abstract]:The performance of air traffic controllers has a direct impact on the safety and smoothness of air traffic. The working quality of air traffic controllers plays an important role in the safety and efficient operation of aircraft. The workload of controllers has always been a hot topic, how to accurately calculate the workload level of controllers has been a key issue in the study of human factors in air traffic management. At present, the research on the calculation and evaluation of controller workload is mainly focused on questionnaire and survey. The research of controller workload based on sector complexity is used in the investigation method, and the workload level of controller is calculated on the basis of sector complexity. At present, many studies on sector complexity take the number of in-sector aircraft as the task difficulty to characterize the sector. To some extent, these methods can reflect a part of the workload. However, the existing literature shows that the workload measured by the above method does not take into account some static sector factors which are related to the dynamic factors including the number of aircraft. It is impossible to calculate and evaluate the workload of the controller in a real and effective manner. In this paper, taking the task of the regional controller as an example, the task of the controller is simulated by the method of radar simulation, and the sector complexity factors that affect the workload of the controller are discussed and analyzed. It is divided into two kinds of basic factors, static and dynamic factors, and the basic variables of sector complexity are formed. Based on the basic variables of sector complexity factor, the mathematical calculation model of controller workload is established by comparing and analyzing the linear and nonlinear methods. Strive for more accurate calculation and evaluation of controller workload level. In this paper, three control simulation scenarios with different static sector complexity are used to study the workload level of controllers under different conditions. The controller workload module based on sector complexity is constructed by using the basic variables of sector complexity. The model test results show that, The effect of the controller workload model based on static and dynamic sector complexity factors combined with the complexity factors of the method is better than that of the controller workload model using dynamic sector complexity factors alone. The forecasting results of the controller workload model using the nonlinear method show that the effectiveness of the model is higher than that of the controller workload assessment model established by the conventional linear method. The results show that the nonlinear model of controller workload based on static and dynamic sector complexity factors has better predictive ability and prediction performance, and can more accurately evaluate the workload of controller.
【學位授予單位】：中國民用航空飛行學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V355

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