發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 17:47

【摘要】：中介軸承作為航空發(fā)動機的關(guān)鍵零部件,工作在高溫、高速、重載、強振動的惡劣環(huán)境下,其性能的可靠性直接制約著飛行安全與飛機性能。因此深入研究中介軸承的運行規(guī)律,對其進行實時的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測,實現(xiàn)對中介軸承的故障診斷和壽命預(yù)測,對于視情維修,降低維修成本,提高航空發(fā)動機健康管理水平有著重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文以中介軸承為主要研究對象,研究基于Cox比例故障模型的壽命預(yù)測理論,并設(shè)計中介軸承試驗臺,進行壽命試驗,開發(fā)了相應(yīng)的中介軸承狀態(tài)監(jiān)測和壽命預(yù)測系統(tǒng),論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下：首先,本文論述了選題背景以及壽命預(yù)測理論和軸承試驗臺的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀；介紹了中介軸承的概況；剖析了中介軸承的常見失效形式；研究了軸承的振動機理及時域、頻域、時頻域內(nèi)的振動信號特征提取分析方法。其次,介紹了可靠性與壽命等相關(guān)指標(biāo)；研究了基于威布爾分布的比例故障率模型的壽命預(yù)測方法,選擇了最佳的壽命基準(zhǔn)函數(shù)；研究了基于極大似然估計模型的參數(shù)估計方法,基于相關(guān)性分析的協(xié)變量選取方法以及基于AR模型的協(xié)變量趨勢預(yù)測方法；根據(jù)FEMTO-ST研究所提供軸承全壽命周期的試驗數(shù)據(jù),選取了三個協(xié)變量,建立了基于威布爾分布的比例故障率模型,并做出了可靠性函數(shù)圖,得到了可靠性壽命,驗證了模型的有效性和可靠性。然后,以中介軸承為主要研究對象,模擬航空發(fā)動機的實際支撐結(jié)構(gòu)和工作環(huán)境,設(shè)計了中介軸承雙轉(zhuǎn)子試驗臺；進行了中介軸承加速度壽命試驗,分析并選擇了合適的加速應(yīng)力,對停機閾值的選擇做了深入研究；設(shè)計了中介軸承加速壽命試驗的監(jiān)測方案,對傳感器的選擇和布置做了詳細(xì)描述；進行了壽命過程中的典型試驗,做了中介軸承不同損傷程度的壽命試驗分析。最后,開發(fā)了中介軸承狀態(tài)監(jiān)測與壽命預(yù)測系統(tǒng)。介紹了系統(tǒng)的軟件和硬件開發(fā)環(huán)境；根據(jù)監(jiān)測方案要求,狀態(tài)監(jiān)測部分實現(xiàn)了溫度監(jiān)測、轉(zhuǎn)速監(jiān)測、位移監(jiān)測和振動監(jiān)測,壽命預(yù)測系統(tǒng)部分實現(xiàn)了振動信號特征提取,模型的協(xié)變量選取與趨勢分析,模型的參數(shù)估計和可靠性壽命估計,系統(tǒng)還實現(xiàn)用戶登陸、報警設(shè)置、數(shù)據(jù)保存,擁有良好的人機關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:As the key parts of aero-engine, intermediate bearings work in the harsh environment of high temperature, high speed, heavy load and strong vibration. The reliability of their performance directly restricts flight safety and aircraft performance. Therefore, the running law of intermediary bearing is deeply studied, the real-time condition monitoring is carried out, the fault diagnosis and life prediction of intermediary bearing are realized, and the maintenance cost is reduced according to the situation. It is of great practical significance to improve the level of aero-engine health management. In this paper, the life prediction theory based on Cox proportional fault model is studied, and the life test bench is designed to carry out the life test, and the corresponding intermediate bearing condition monitoring and life prediction system is developed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, this paper discusses the background of the topic, the life prediction theory and the domestic and foreign research status of the bearing test bed, introduces the general situation of the intermediate bearing, analyzes the common failure forms of the intermediate bearing. The vibration mechanism of bearing and the extraction and analysis methods of vibration signals in time domain, frequency domain and time frequency domain are studied. Secondly, the reliability and service life are introduced, the life prediction method of proportional failure rate model based on Weibull distribution is studied, and the best life reference function is selected. Parameter estimation method based on maximum likelihood estimation model, covariable selection method based on correlation analysis and covariable trend prediction method based on AR model are studied. The proportional failure rate model based on Weibull distribution is established and the reliability function diagram is given. The reliability life is obtained and the validity and reliability of the model are verified. Then, taking the intermediate bearing as the main research object, simulates the actual supporting structure and working environment of the aeroengine, designs the double rotor test bench of the intermediate bearing, carries out the acceleration life test of the intermediate bearing, The suitable acceleration stress is analyzed and selected, the selection of stop threshold is studied deeply, the monitoring scheme of intermediate bearing accelerated life test is designed, and the selection and arrangement of sensor are described in detail. The typical life test was carried out, and the life test of intermediate bearing with different damage degree was made. Finally, an intermediate bearing condition monitoring and life prediction system is developed. This paper introduces the software and hardware development environment of the system, according to the requirements of the monitoring scheme, the state monitoring part realizes temperature monitoring, rotational speed monitoring, displacement monitoring and vibration monitoring, and the life prediction system realizes the feature extraction of vibration signal. Covariable selection and trend analysis of the model, parameter estimation and reliability life estimation of the model. The system also realizes user login, alarm setting, data saving and good man-machine relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：V263.6

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本文編號：2277467