本文選題：超聲電機 + 雙軸指向機構(gòu)　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：衛(wèi)星技術(shù)的日益成熟不僅帶動了微納衛(wèi)星的發(fā)展,而且促進了輕小型精密驅(qū)動技術(shù)的發(fā)展。而現(xiàn)有的衛(wèi)星用雙軸指向機構(gòu)的驅(qū)動器主要是由傳統(tǒng)伺服電機、減速器組成,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,體積龐大,不能完全適應(yīng)微納衛(wèi)星技術(shù)發(fā)展的需求,尤其是在輕小精密驅(qū)動技術(shù)方面。因此,研制一種結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸小、低速大力矩、驅(qū)動精度高的精密驅(qū)動器成為驅(qū)動技術(shù)領(lǐng)域主要的發(fā)展趨勢。超聲電機(ultrasonic motor,簡稱USM)是一種新型直驅(qū)電機,體積小,重量輕,不需要齒輪箱就可以實現(xiàn)低速大力矩,并且位置控制精度高。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容是如何實現(xiàn)超聲電機的低速大力矩以及高精度運行,并將其應(yīng)用到雙軸指向裝置中,實現(xiàn)雙軸指向機構(gòu)輕量化、低速以及高精度的目標(biāo)。本文主要從結(jié)構(gòu)和控制兩方面對超聲電機能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)低速大力矩以及高精度運行進行理論分析。理論研究表明超聲電機的最大理論轉(zhuǎn)速與定子的主要參數(shù)有著密切的聯(lián)系;而且要實現(xiàn)超聲電機低速運行,還需要采用一定的控制方法。通過摩擦材料對超聲電機性能影響的分析表明摩擦材料與超聲電機的輸出力矩有著密切的聯(lián)系;超聲電機能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)高精度不僅與超聲電機的結(jié)構(gòu)有著密切的聯(lián)系,而且主要還取決于超聲電機響應(yīng)速度。基于超聲電機低速大力矩和高精度的理論分析,對超聲電機定子進行振動分析。通過對超聲電機定子的模態(tài)分析和諧響應(yīng)分析確定定子主要參數(shù)對超聲電機轉(zhuǎn)速和旋轉(zhuǎn)精度的影響規(guī)律,進而最后確定最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)的參數(shù)�；谔厥夤r對摩擦材料的要求,選取3種摩擦材料,進行不同材料下超聲電機性能的比較,獲得性能最優(yōu)的摩擦材料,完成超聲電機的改進設(shè)計。將改進前后的超聲電機進行機械特性以及旋轉(zhuǎn)精度的測試實驗;完成雙軸指向機構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,將超聲電機應(yīng)用于雙軸指向裝置,進行雙軸指向機構(gòu)運行速度以及指向精度的測試實驗。實驗結(jié)果表明,改進后的超聲電機性能更好,能夠滿足要求。將改進后的超聲電機進行高低溫及力學(xué)試驗,結(jié)果表明改進后的機構(gòu)能滿足要求。此外,針對超聲電機重量不達標(biāo)的問題進行結(jié)構(gòu)的減重設(shè)計。
[Abstract]:The increasing maturity of satellite technology not only promotes the development of micro-and nano-satellites, but also promotes the development of light and small precision drive technology. The existing dual-axis pointing mechanism for satellite is mainly composed of traditional servo motor and reducer. The structure is complex and the volume is huge, which can not fully meet the needs of the development of micro-nano satellite technology, especially in the light and small precision drive technology. Therefore, it is the main development trend in the field of driving technology to develop a kind of precision driver with small structure, large torque at low speed and high driving precision. Ultrasonic motor (USM) is a new type of direct drive motor, which is small in volume and light in weight. It can realize low speed and large torque without gearbox and high precision of position control. The main research content of this paper is how to realize the low speed high torque and high precision operation of ultrasonic motor, and apply it to the biaxial pointing device to realize the target of lightweight, low speed and high precision of double axis pointing mechanism. In this paper, the structure and control of ultrasonic motor can achieve low speed large torque and high precision operation are analyzed theoretically. The theoretical study shows that the maximum theoretical rotational speed of ultrasonic motor is closely related to the main parameters of the stator, and a certain control method is needed to realize the low speed operation of the ultrasonic motor. The influence of friction materials on the performance of ultrasonic motor shows that the friction material is closely related to the output torque of ultrasonic motor, and the high accuracy of ultrasonic motor is not only closely related to the structure of ultrasonic motor, but also to the structure of ultrasonic motor. And also mainly depends on the ultrasonic motor response speed. Based on the theoretical analysis of high torque and low speed of ultrasonic motor, the vibration analysis of ultrasonic motor stator is carried out. Through modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of ultrasonic motor stator, the influence of main stator parameters on speed and rotation accuracy of ultrasonic motor is determined, and the optimal structure parameters are finally determined. Based on the requirement of friction material under special working conditions, three kinds of friction materials are selected to compare the performance of ultrasonic motor under different materials, and the friction material with the best performance is obtained, and the improved design of ultrasonic motor is completed. The mechanical characteristics and rotation accuracy of the improved ultrasonic motor are tested, and the structure design of the two-axis pointing mechanism is completed, and the ultrasonic motor is applied to the two-axis pointing device. The running speed and pointing accuracy of the two-axis pointing mechanism are tested. The experimental results show that the improved ultrasonic motor has better performance and can meet the requirements. The improved ultrasonic motor is tested in high and low temperature and mechanics. The results show that the improved mechanism can meet the requirements. In addition, the weight loss design of ultrasonic motor is carried out for the problem that the weight of ultrasonic motor is not up to standard.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：V442

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本文編號：1930742