本文選題：扁簧 + 結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：無人機(jī)在日常生活中有著越來越重要的應(yīng)用。而無人機(jī)在起降過程中對起落架的要求較高,具有良好減振性能的起落架能提高飛機(jī)降落過程的穩(wěn)定性。在各種起落架形式中,扁簧式起落架具有設(shè)計制造簡單、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn),被廣泛應(yīng)用于小中型低速飛機(jī)中。由于提高扁簧的阻尼性能對飛機(jī)的平穩(wěn)性具有重要影響,本文研究了扁簧阻尼模型的建立方法以及約束阻尼層的拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化方法,為設(shè)計高阻尼性能扁簧提供了依據(jù)。主要研究內(nèi)容包括:1.根據(jù)扁簧單自由度自由振動試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析了不同振幅下頻率和粘性阻尼因子的變化趨勢,并根據(jù)能量法建立了扁簧的動力學(xué)模型。最后將試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)代入模型中進(jìn)行計算,從而驗(yàn)證了結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼計算方法的準(zhǔn)確性。2.從能量的角度出發(fā),依據(jù)模態(tài)應(yīng)變能法推導(dǎo)約束阻尼層結(jié)構(gòu)的動力學(xué)方程,通過粘彈性層和整體結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)變能之間的比值關(guān)系得到結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)損耗因子,用來表征扁簧結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼的性能,為進(jìn)一步拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化提供目標(biāo)參數(shù)。根據(jù)有限元方法推導(dǎo)了約束阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)的動力學(xué)方程。3.建立約束阻尼板以橫向位移w表示的振動微分方程,推導(dǎo)類懸臂結(jié)構(gòu)在一端固支一端自由條件下的自由振動的解析表達(dá)式。以模態(tài)應(yīng)變能法求得的前三階模態(tài)損耗因子最大為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)推導(dǎo)出約束阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)目標(biāo)函數(shù)的靈敏度表達(dá)式。采用基于SIMP插值的優(yōu)化準(zhǔn)則方法對復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化分析,以刪除50%的粘彈性材料和對應(yīng)的約束層材料為約束條件,使保留的材料對結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼性能有較大的貢獻(xiàn)率,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對阻尼材料層的拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化以減輕復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的總體重量。4.對拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明在刪除一半的粘彈性材料和對應(yīng)的約束層材料后,約束阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)粘性阻尼因子變化量在5%以內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:UAV has more and more important applications in daily life. However, the landing gear of UAV is very important in landing process, and the landing gear with good damping performance can improve the stability of aircraft landing process. Among all kinds of landing gear, flat spring landing gear is widely used in small and medium low speed aircraft because of its simple design and low cost. Since improving the damping performance of flat spring has an important effect on the stability of aircraft, this paper studies the establishment of damping model of flat spring and the topology optimization method of constrained damping layer, which provides the basis for designing flat spring with high damping performance. The main research contents include: 1. Based on the experimental data of free vibration of flat spring with single degree of freedom, the variation trend of frequency and viscous damping factor under different amplitude is analyzed, and the dynamic model of flat spring is established according to the energy method. Finally, the experimental data are added to the model for calculation, which verifies the accuracy of the structural damping calculation method. 2. From the point of view of energy, the dynamic equation of constrained damping layer structure is derived according to the modal strain energy method, and the modal loss factor of the structure is obtained by the ratio between the viscoelastic layer and the strain energy of the whole structure. It is used to characterize the damping performance of flat spring structure and to provide target parameters for further topology optimization. According to the finite element method, the dynamic equation of constrained damping structure. The differential equation of vibration of constrained damped plate expressed by transverse displacement w is established and the analytical expression of free vibration of cantilever like structure under the condition of one end clamping and one end free is derived. The sensitivity expression of the objective function of constrained damped structures is derived from the maximum of the first three order modal loss factors obtained by the modal strain energy method. The optimization criterion method based on SIMP interpolation is used to optimize the topology of composite structure. The removal of 50% viscoelastic material and corresponding constrained layer material is used as the constraint condition, which makes the reserved material have a large contribution to the damping performance of the structure. In order to reduce the total weight of composite structure, the topology optimization of damping material layer is realized. The experimental results of topology optimization show that the change of viscous damping factor of constrained damping structure is less than 5% after the removal of half of the viscoelastic material and the corresponding constrained layer material.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V279

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