高馬赫數(shù)低雷諾數(shù)真實(shí)氣體效應(yīng)對(duì)流動(dòng)分離與再附的影響
本文選題:真實(shí)氣體效應(yīng) 切入點(diǎn):數(shù)值模擬 出處:《中國空氣動(dòng)力研究與發(fā)展中心》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】:隨著時(shí)代和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,高超聲速飛行器正由既定路線飛行(如:飛船返回艙、航天飛機(jī)、彈道導(dǎo)彈等)向高機(jī)動(dòng)的方向發(fā)展,這使得飛行器的外形越來越復(fù)雜。在氣動(dòng)控制舵面、進(jìn)氣道拐角等關(guān)鍵部位出現(xiàn)激波邊界層干擾、激波與激波相互作用、分離/再附等復(fù)雜流動(dòng)現(xiàn)象,這將改變局部壓力、摩阻與熱流分布,其中對(duì)熱流的影響尤其重要。再附點(diǎn)附近將會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的氣動(dòng)加熱現(xiàn)象,其熱流峰值的大小和位置都是熱防護(hù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。設(shè)計(jì)高機(jī)動(dòng)性復(fù)雜外形高超聲速飛行器面臨的一個(gè)重要問題是如何合理的設(shè)計(jì)氣動(dòng)舵面,這對(duì)飛行器的有效控制及穩(wěn)定性十分關(guān)鍵。飛行器在做高超聲速飛行時(shí),由于馬赫數(shù)很高,強(qiáng)烈的激波壓縮或粘性阻滯減速使得氣體具有很高的溫度,氣體分子的內(nèi)自由度將被激發(fā),將發(fā)生離解、電離等化學(xué)反應(yīng),出現(xiàn)顯著的高溫真實(shí)氣體效應(yīng)。真實(shí)氣體效應(yīng)不僅會(huì)對(duì)飛行器的整體氣動(dòng)特性、熱環(huán)境產(chǎn)生重要影響,同時(shí)也會(huì)顯著的影響復(fù)雜外形導(dǎo)致的流動(dòng)分離/再附等局部復(fù)雜流動(dòng)現(xiàn)象。因此在設(shè)計(jì)高超聲速飛行器氣動(dòng)舵面等重要部件時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)充分考慮真實(shí)氣體效應(yīng)的影響。論文共分為六章。第一章是引言,介紹了研究背景和意義,概述了國內(nèi)外真實(shí)氣體效應(yīng)數(shù)值模擬研究以及真實(shí)氣體效應(yīng)對(duì)局部復(fù)雜流動(dòng)影響研究的概況,簡述了本文的研究內(nèi)容。第二章和第三章介紹了本文求解平衡流及化學(xué)非平衡流的數(shù)值方法。第四章通過典型算例對(duì)建立的數(shù)值模擬程序進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。第五章對(duì)帶舵偏的升力體外形開展了不同氣體模型、不同條件下的數(shù)值模擬研究,分析了真實(shí)氣體效應(yīng)對(duì)舵面附近局部流動(dòng)分離及整體氣動(dòng)性能的影響情況和機(jī)理。第六章總結(jié)了本文的工作和得到的結(jié)論,并對(duì)下一步工作進(jìn)行了展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of times and technology, the hypersonic vehicle is developing from the fixed route (such as the spacecraft return module, space shuttle, ballistic missile etc.) to the direction of high maneuverability, which makes the shape of the aircraft more and more complex.In the aerodynamic control rudder surface, the inlet corner and other key parts appear shock wave boundary layer interference, shock wave and shock wave interaction, separation / reattachment and other complex flow phenomena, which will change the local pressure, friction and heat flow distribution.The effect on heat flux is especially important.There will be a serious aerodynamic heating phenomenon near the reattachment point. The magnitude and position of the peak heat flux are the key design parameters in the design of the thermal protection system.An important problem in the design of hypersonic aircraft with high maneuverability and complex shape is how to reasonably design the aerodynamic rudder surface, which is very important for the effective control and stability of the aircraft.In the hypersonic flight of an aircraft, due to the high Mach number, the intense shock compression or viscous deceleration makes the gas have a very high temperature, the internal degree of freedom of the gas molecule will be excited, and chemical reactions such as dissociation and ionization will take place.There is a significant real gas effect at high temperature.The real gas effect will not only have an important impact on the overall aerodynamic characteristics and thermal environment of the aircraft, but also have a significant impact on the local complex flow phenomena such as flow separation / reattachment caused by complex shapes.Therefore, the influence of real gas effect should be fully considered in the design of important components such as the aerodynamic rudder surface of hypersonic vehicle.The thesis is divided into six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the background and significance of the research, summarizes the numerical simulation of the real gas effect and the effect of the real gas effect on the local complex flow at home and abroad, and briefly describes the research content of this paper.In the second and third chapters, the numerical methods for solving equilibrium and chemical nonequilibrium flows are introduced.In chapter 4, the numerical simulation program is verified by a typical example.In chapter 5, different gas models and numerical simulation under different conditions are carried out for the shape of lift body with rudder deviation, and the effect and mechanism of real gas effect on local flow separation and overall aerodynamic performance near rudder surface are analyzed.The sixth chapter summarizes the work and conclusions of this paper, and looks forward to the next work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國空氣動(dòng)力研究與發(fā)展中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:V211
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