本文選題：飛機(jī)座艙　切入點(diǎn)：送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前全球有超過(guò)1/4的人依靠飛機(jī)出行,飛機(jī)座艙環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益成為關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)。大量研究表明,飛機(jī)座艙內(nèi)部的氣流組織是影響機(jī)艙環(huán)境及乘員舒適性的關(guān)鍵因素。因此,準(zhǔn)確高效地計(jì)算和分析機(jī)艙內(nèi)部氣流流動(dòng)特征對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)和控制機(jī)艙內(nèi)部空氣品質(zhì)及污染物擴(kuò)散具有重要意義。因飛機(jī)艙整體尺寸較大,而艙內(nèi)個(gè)性送風(fēng)口尺度相對(duì)很小以及主送風(fēng)和個(gè)性送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,確立適用于飛機(jī)座艙內(nèi)氣流模擬的高效數(shù)值計(jì)算策略成為研究艙內(nèi)氣流流動(dòng)特征的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。首先針對(duì)機(jī)艙大空間與局部個(gè)性送風(fēng)口之間的高比例尺度問(wèn)題給艙內(nèi)復(fù)雜氣流數(shù)值模擬帶來(lái)的網(wǎng)格質(zhì)量與數(shù)量的挑戰(zhàn),以MD-82飛機(jī)單排艙為研究對(duì)象,引入適用于個(gè)性送風(fēng)口圓射流粗網(wǎng)格模擬計(jì)算的數(shù)值耗散修正模型(MDRκ-ε模型),通過(guò)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)κ-ε湍流模型細(xì)網(wǎng)格下的射流結(jié)果的對(duì)比確定該模型能夠在有效解決艙內(nèi)網(wǎng)格匹配問(wèn)題的同時(shí)將射流計(jì)算所需網(wǎng)格數(shù)量降低90%,進(jìn)一步確立了與MDRκ-ε湍流模型相匹配的合理的單排艙網(wǎng)格尺度。采用MDRκ-ε模型對(duì)等溫及空調(diào)工況下單排艙內(nèi)部氣流流動(dòng)特征進(jìn)行粗網(wǎng)格下的模擬計(jì)算,通過(guò)計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比驗(yàn)證MDRκ-ε模型適用于艙內(nèi)主氣流的快速正確模擬,可在顯著控制座艙主氣流模擬計(jì)算所需網(wǎng)格數(shù)的同時(shí)保證良好的計(jì)算精度。由此,提出了采用MDRκ-ε模型將個(gè)性送風(fēng)局部射流耦合到機(jī)艙主氣流流動(dòng)的座艙氣流高效模擬計(jì)算策略。進(jìn)一步針對(duì)不同送風(fēng)流量下的個(gè)性送風(fēng)射流對(duì)艙內(nèi)氣流速度、溫度分布以及人體熱舒適度的影響的研究表明,在個(gè)性送風(fēng)作用下艙內(nèi)靠近過(guò)道乘客周圍有更為均勻的流場(chǎng)速度和溫度分布,舒適感更好。且隨個(gè)性送風(fēng)口送風(fēng)量增大,個(gè)性送風(fēng)口對(duì)乘客的影響無(wú)論是速度還是溫度都會(huì)明顯增強(qiáng),但速度變化范圍均集中在個(gè)性送風(fēng)口中軸線附近,無(wú)強(qiáng)烈放射狀擴(kuò)散。將數(shù)值模擬策略應(yīng)用于飛機(jī)七排艙氣流流動(dòng)特征的模擬計(jì)算,在每排座艙送風(fēng)條件一致情況下,獲得了七排艙每排座艙周期性的主氣流分布規(guī)律,同時(shí)確定在座艙過(guò)道、乘客頭頂上方及肩部存在速度為0.05~0.1m·s-1的弱縱向流動(dòng)。本文座艙氣流模擬策略可為飛機(jī)整艙流場(chǎng)的快速正確模擬計(jì)算奠定基礎(chǔ),且?guī)�(gè)性送風(fēng)口單排艙及七排艙內(nèi)部氣流分布特征的研究結(jié)果可以為飛機(jī)座艙內(nèi)部環(huán)境及污染物控制提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:At present, more than 1/4 people in the world rely on aircraft travel, and the problem of cabin environment has become a hot issue. A large number of studies show that the airflow distribution inside the cockpit is the key factor affecting the cabin environment and crew comfort. Accurate and efficient calculation and analysis of the airflow characteristics in the cabin is of great significance in predicting and controlling the air quality and pollutant diffusion in the cabin. However, the scale of individual tuyere in the cabin is relatively small, and the structure of the main air supply and individual air supply system is complex. It is a key problem to study the characteristics of airflow in cockpit to establish an efficient numerical calculation strategy suitable for airflow simulation in aircraft cockpit. Firstly, the high-proportion scale problem between the large space of engine room and the local individual tuyere is discussed. The challenges of mesh quality and quantity brought by numerical simulation of internal complex airflow, Taking the single row cabin of MD-82 aircraft as the research object, A numerical dissipation correction model (MDR 魏-蔚 model), which is suitable for the simulation of individual tuyere round jet with coarse mesh, is introduced. By comparing the jet results with the standard 魏-蔚 turbulence model under fine mesh, it is determined that the model can effectively solve the problem of in-cabin network. The grid matching problem simultaneously reduces the number of grids needed for jet calculation by 90%, and further establishes the reasonable grid scale of single row cabin that matches the MDR 魏-蔚 turbulence model. The MDR 魏-蔚 model is used to analyze the internal airflow of single row cabin under isothermal and air conditioning conditions. The flow characteristics are simulated with coarse mesh. The comparison between the calculation results and the experimental data shows that the MDR 魏-蔚 model is suitable for the fast and correct simulation of the main airflow in the cabin. In this paper, the MDR 魏-蔚 model is used to couple the local jet of individual air supply to the main airflow of cabin. The simulation strategy of air flow efficiency in cockpit is put forward, which is further aimed at the velocity of individual air jet in the cabin under different air flow rate. The research on the influence of temperature distribution and thermal comfort of human body shows that under the action of individual air supply, there is a more uniform velocity and temperature distribution in the cabin near the aisle passenger, and the comfort is better, and with the increase of the air supply volume of the individual tuyere, The influence of individual tuyere on passengers will obviously increase, both in speed and temperature, but the range of velocity changes is concentrated near the central axis of individual tuyere. There is no strong radial diffusion. The numerical simulation strategy is applied to the simulation calculation of the airflow characteristics of the aircraft's seven-row cabin. Under the same air supply conditions of each cabin, the periodic main airflow distribution law of the seven-row cabin is obtained. At the same time, it is determined that there is a weak longitudinal flow over the top of the passenger's head and shoulders in the cockpit corridor with a velocity of 0.1m 路s ~ (-1). The airflow simulation strategy of the cockpit in this paper can lay a foundation for the rapid and correct simulation of the flow field in the whole cabin of the aircraft. The results of the study on the characteristics of airflow distribution in single-row and seven-row cabins with individual tuyere can provide a theoretical basis for the internal environment of aircraft cockpit and the control of pollutants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：V223

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