本文選題：衛(wèi)星結構　切入點：量產(chǎn)化　出處：《中國科學院長春光學精密機械與物理研究所》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：二十一世紀以來,微小衛(wèi)星產(chǎn)業(yè)開始崛起,由數(shù)十顆甚至上千顆微小衛(wèi)星組成的衛(wèi)星星座得到了廣泛的構建,微小衛(wèi)星步入飛速發(fā)展階段。這對衛(wèi)星的生產(chǎn)方式提出了新的要求,傳統(tǒng)的單顆衛(wèi)星研制方式已無法適應衛(wèi)星發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,微小衛(wèi)星面臨著批量生產(chǎn)的挑戰(zhàn)。衛(wèi)星結構系統(tǒng)作為整個衛(wèi)星的骨架,其設計工作是衛(wèi)星研制過程中的重要環(huán)節(jié),衛(wèi)星結構設計的合理程度,對衛(wèi)星任務的完成具有重要影響。衛(wèi)星結構的創(chuàng)新與升級,可以促進整個衛(wèi)星產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展進程,因此衛(wèi)星結構設計技術在衛(wèi)星產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展藍圖中占據(jù)著重要的地位。本文通過調(diào)研微小衛(wèi)星的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,對衛(wèi)星結構提煉出三點能夠實現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)化的設計要求:多運載適應性、柔性化設計、模塊化設計�；陂L光衛(wèi)星技術有限公司提出的衛(wèi)星組網(wǎng)項目,對該星座的重要成員——靈巧視頻衛(wèi)星進行結構設計,提出一種由金屬梁和夾層板組合而成的框架板式結構,對該結構進行有限元分析和尺寸優(yōu)化,并進行力學環(huán)境試驗。首先,對框架板式衛(wèi)星結構進行設計,包括衛(wèi)星構型設計、框架結構設計、板結構設計、載荷布局設計、材料選擇等方面的設計工作。該構型能夠實現(xiàn)垂直安裝發(fā)射和懸掛安裝發(fā)射兩種狀態(tài),易于實現(xiàn)多運載適應性要求,梁結構和板結構能夠實現(xiàn)柔性化設計,載荷在不同板結構上進行布局安裝,能夠實現(xiàn)模塊化設計,所設計的結構形式能夠滿足上述三點設計要求,可以實現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)化。然后,對該結構進行有限元分析和動力優(yōu)化,有限元分析包括靜力分析和動力分析,動力優(yōu)化主要進行尺寸優(yōu)化。通過有限元分析發(fā)現(xiàn)結構中不合理的地方,對結構方案進行修改完善,解決了相機安裝板隨機振動響應過大的問題。結構優(yōu)化的數(shù)學模型以需要確定的結構尺寸參數(shù)作為設計變量,以衛(wèi)星整體質(zhì)量最小作為優(yōu)化目標,以結構最低自振頻率和設計變量的上下限作為約束條件,利用Opti Struct軟件進行求解,最終確定各個結構參數(shù)。最后,對優(yōu)化后的結構進行加工裝配,通過振動試驗評估結構的力學性能,試驗結果表明結構的力學性能良好,可以滿足設計要求。此外,對有限元分析數(shù)據(jù)和試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行對比,二者的誤差在可接受范圍內(nèi),進而驗證了有限元分析的準確性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Since 21th century, the micro-satellite industry has begun to rise, and the constellation composed of dozens or even thousands of tiny satellites has been extensively constructed. Microsatellites have entered a rapid development stage. This puts forward new requirements for the mode of production of satellites. The traditional way of developing a single satellite can no longer adapt to the status quo of satellite development. As the skeleton of the whole satellite, the design of the satellite structure system is an important part of the satellite development process, and the reasonable degree of the satellite structure design. Having an important impact on the completion of satellite missions. The innovation and upgrading of satellite structures can contribute to the development of the entire satellite industry, Therefore, satellite structure design technology plays an important role in the development blueprint of satellite industry. Flexible design, modular design. Based on the satellite networking project proposed by Changguang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd., the smart video satellite, which is an important member of the constellation, is designed. A frame plate structure composed of metal beam and sandwich plate is proposed. The finite element analysis and dimension optimization of the structure are carried out, and the mechanical environment test is carried out. Firstly, the frame plate satellite structure is designed, including the satellite configuration design. Frame structure design, plate structure design, load layout design, material selection and so on. The beam structure and the plate structure can realize the flexible design, the load is arranged and installed on the different plate structure, the modular design can be realized, the structural form designed can meet the above three design requirements, and can realize the mass production. The finite element analysis includes static analysis and dynamic analysis. Dynamic optimization is mainly used to optimize the size of the structure. Through the finite element analysis, it is found that the structure is unreasonable. The structural scheme is modified and perfected to solve the problem of excessive random vibration response of camera mounting plate. The mathematical model of structural optimization takes the structural dimension parameters that need to be determined as design variables and the minimum satellite mass as the optimization objective. Taking the minimum natural vibration frequency of the structure and the upper and lower limit of the design variable as the constraint conditions, the Opti Struct software is used to solve the problem, and each structural parameter is finally determined. Finally, the optimized structure is processed and assembled. The mechanical properties of the structure are evaluated by vibration test. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the structure are good and can meet the design requirements. In addition, the error between the finite element analysis data and the test data is within the acceptable range. The accuracy and validity of finite element analysis are verified.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院長春光學精密機械與物理研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：V423.4

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