本文關(guān)鍵詞：高幀頻CMOS電子學(xué)及精細(xì)導(dǎo)星處理技術(shù)研究　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(上海技術(shù)物理研究所)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 導(dǎo)星傳感器 高速相機(jī) 大面陣 高幀頻 實(shí)時(shí)

【摘要】：目前先進(jìn)的太空觀測(cè)平臺(tái)上都是使用精細(xì)導(dǎo)星傳感器(Fine Guidance Sensor,FGS)作為精密穩(wěn)像系統(tǒng)中必不可少的高精度傳感環(huán)節(jié),為其提供高質(zhì)量的姿態(tài)信息。FGS的基本原理是通過用精導(dǎo)傳感器把導(dǎo)向恒星成像在一個(gè)陣列上,通過對(duì)成像信息的提取得到一個(gè)矩心并產(chǎn)生一個(gè)誤差信號(hào),誤差信號(hào)被反饋給望遠(yuǎn)鏡的姿態(tài)控制系統(tǒng)并由它來對(duì)相移進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償。高幀頻數(shù)字相機(jī)能夠?qū)⒏咚倭魇胚^程放慢到人眼可以分辨的程度,是研究瞬態(tài)現(xiàn)象非常有力的工具。在工業(yè)、科研和軍事領(lǐng)域都有十分廣泛的應(yīng)用。近年來各國(guó)在高速相機(jī)領(lǐng)域投入大量精力并取得良好成效,積極開展高分辨率高速相機(jī)的自主研制對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展具有重大意義。課題主要面向高速相機(jī)的圖像存儲(chǔ)和傳輸技術(shù)以及未來大口徑、大視場(chǎng)望遠(yuǎn)鏡的高精度快速穩(wěn)像需求,開展大面陣、高幀頻、高精度、實(shí)時(shí)的導(dǎo)星矩心提取和高帶寬圖像傳輸系統(tǒng)的研制和測(cè)試驗(yàn)證工作。論文以FPGA驅(qū)動(dòng)CMOS探測(cè)器進(jìn)行圖像采集處理和傳輸為切入點(diǎn),對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件設(shè)計(jì)以及測(cè)試展開了研究,論文完成的主要工作如下:首先,對(duì)課題的背景進(jìn)行了闡述,對(duì)高速大面陣相機(jī)、精細(xì)導(dǎo)星處理技術(shù)和亞像元質(zhì)心定位算法的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了調(diào)研;其次,詳細(xì)闡述了系統(tǒng)的指標(biāo)要求,結(jié)合指標(biāo)要求設(shè)計(jì)完成了高幀頻CMOS圖像采集處理和傳輸系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計(jì);第三,完成了系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì),包括前期的高速信號(hào)完整性仿真、前端探測(cè)器輸出電路設(shè)計(jì)、信息處理電路設(shè)計(jì)、電源模塊電路設(shè)計(jì);第四,完成了系統(tǒng)的軟件編程工作,包括FPGA平臺(tái)上硬件語言的編程、上位機(jī)程序的編寫;第五,完成了導(dǎo)星矩心提取系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試驗(yàn)證工作,包括系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件部分的調(diào)試,系統(tǒng)指標(biāo)要求的測(cè)試等。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:高幀頻導(dǎo)星矩心提取系統(tǒng)能夠按照系統(tǒng)指標(biāo)要求實(shí)時(shí)、高精度的提取導(dǎo)星的矩心信息,并能以高幀頻傳輸圖像和矩心信息到上位機(jī)保存或顯示,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的研究目標(biāo)和設(shè)計(jì)要求。論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于:1在研究了國(guó)內(nèi)外精細(xì)導(dǎo)星傳感器技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了采用有源像素CMOS探測(cè)器作為面陣采樣單元、FPGA作為實(shí)時(shí)圖像處理核心處理器的技術(shù)方案,構(gòu)建并完成了精細(xì)導(dǎo)星驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)在單面陣上軟硬件的結(jié)合,為我國(guó)自主研發(fā)空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡的相移補(bǔ)償打好了實(shí)用基礎(chǔ)。2為實(shí)現(xiàn)精細(xì)導(dǎo)星傳感器實(shí)時(shí)、高精度的傳感要求,搭建了一套從星圖采集、緩存、處理到傳輸?shù)耐暾?xì)導(dǎo)星檢測(cè)的硬件平臺(tái)。該硬件平臺(tái)具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)處理能力,并能通過高帶寬的千兆以太網(wǎng)和光纖接口實(shí)現(xiàn)圖像和數(shù)據(jù)向上位機(jī)的傳輸。3設(shè)計(jì)了精細(xì)導(dǎo)星傳感器的驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng),對(duì)質(zhì)心提取的實(shí)時(shí)性以及質(zhì)心分割的動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)精度分別進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明本課題實(shí)現(xiàn)的質(zhì)心提取幀頻和質(zhì)心靜態(tài)分割精度均優(yōu)于預(yù)期的設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Fine Guidance Sensor is currently used on advanced space observation platforms using fine Guidance sensors. As an essential high precision sensor in the precision image stabilization system, FGS provides high quality attitude information. The basic principle of FGS is to image the guided star on an array by using a precision guide sensor. A moment center is obtained by extracting the imaging information and an error signal is generated. The error signal is fed back to the telescope's attitude control system to compensate for the phase shift. The high frame rate digital camera can slow the high-speed flow to a degree that the human eye can distinguish. It is a very powerful tool to study transient phenomena. It has been widely used in industry, scientific research and military fields. In recent years, many countries have invested a lot of energy and achieved good results in the field of high-speed cameras. It is of great significance to develop the high resolution high speed camera independently for the development of the related fields in our country. The subject mainly faces the high speed camera image storage and transmission technology and the future large caliber. The high precision and fast image stabilization of large field telescope is required to develop large area array, high frame frequency and high precision. The research and test of real-time guide moment center extraction and high bandwidth image transmission system. This paper takes FPGA driven CMOS detector for image acquisition and transmission as the starting point. The hardware and software design and testing of the whole system are studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the background of the project is described, and the high-speed large plane array camera is introduced. The research status of fine guide star processing technology and sub-pixel centroid location algorithm at home and abroad has been investigated. Secondly, the index requirements of the system are described in detail, and the scheme of the high frame rate CMOS image acquisition and transmission system is designed and completed in combination with the index requirements. Third, the hardware circuit design of the system is completed, including the early high-speed signal integrity simulation, the front-end detector output circuit design, the information processing circuit design, the power module circuit design; 4th, completed the software programming of the system, including the programming of hardware language on the FPGA platform, the programming of the upper computer program; 5th, the testing and verification of the center of moment extraction system is completed, including the debugging of the hardware and software of the system. The experimental results show that the system can extract the center-of-moment information in real time and high precision according to the requirements of the system index. And it can transmit image and moment center information to the host computer at high frame rate to save or display. The innovation of the thesis lies in the research of the fine guide sensor technology at home and abroad. An active pixel CMOS detector is proposed as the core processor of real-time image processing. The combination of hardware and software of the precision guide star verification system on a single plane array is constructed and completed, which lays a practical foundation for phase shift compensation of the space telescope in our country. 2. For the realization of the precision star guide sensor in real time. High precision sensing requirements, a set of star map acquisition, buffer, processing to the transmission of the complete fine guide star detection hardware platform, the hardware platform has a strong real-time data processing capability. And through high-bandwidth gigabit Ethernet and optical fiber interface to achieve image and data transmission to the host computer .3 designed a fine guide star sensor verification system. The real-time of centroid extraction and the dynamic and static accuracy of centroid segmentation are detected respectively. The detection results show that the frame frequency of centroid extraction and the static segmentation accuracy of centroid are better than the expected design index.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(上海技術(shù)物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：V445.8;TP212

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