本文關(guān)鍵詞：臨近空間多攔截器協(xié)同探測問題研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 多攔截器協(xié)同 協(xié)同探測 協(xié)同制導(dǎo) 交互式多模型濾波 數(shù)據(jù)融合算法

【摘要】：在可以預(yù)見的未來里,由于科技水平不斷發(fā)展使武器具有更佳的性能,未來將迎來愈發(fā)復(fù)雜的空戰(zhàn)環(huán)境。而在臨近空間內(nèi),高超聲速飛行器具有目標(biāo)速度與響應(yīng)時間快、目標(biāo)探測困難以及目標(biāo)的側(cè)向機(jī)動能力強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),是對國家安全有巨大威脅的一種武器。因此在研究臨近空間高超聲速飛行器的同時亦有必要研究其防御技術(shù)。綜合目前精確制導(dǎo)武器的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、臨近空間高超聲速飛行器的攔截難點(diǎn)表明,目前精確制導(dǎo)武器很難實(shí)現(xiàn)對高超聲速目標(biāo)一對一的直接碰撞攔截。當(dāng)一對一攔截時,由于單個攔截器對目標(biāo)探測精度較低,導(dǎo)致攔截概率低;而多個攔截器協(xié)同探測可以提高對相對運(yùn)動狀態(tài)的探測精度,進(jìn)而提高對目標(biāo)的攔截概率。因此,在這種背景下研究多飛行器協(xié)同探測以提高對臨近空間高超聲速目標(biāo)的探測精度具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文主要完成了以下三方面的內(nèi)容。首先,本文基于幾何關(guān)系對多攔截器協(xié)同制導(dǎo)問題進(jìn)行了描述并建立起獨(dú)立運(yùn)動模型與相對運(yùn)動模型�？紤]到實(shí)際可測量的數(shù)據(jù)并兼顧濾波簡單,選擇狀態(tài)變量、量測量以及協(xié)同變量使濾波精度最高。針對飛行器獨(dú)立運(yùn)動選擇全局慣性坐標(biāo)系建立起攔截器運(yùn)動模型以及目標(biāo)運(yùn)動模型,針對彈-目相對運(yùn)動分別選擇視線坐標(biāo)系以及慣性坐標(biāo)系建立起彈-目相對運(yùn)動的數(shù)學(xué)模型。其次,研究基于交互多模型的濾波算法,攔截器之間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)共享以便協(xié)同完成對目標(biāo)區(qū)域的探測。由于協(xié)同探測融合了多個攔截器的探測信息,因而能夠增大攔截器的探測范圍并提高對目標(biāo)狀態(tài)探測的精度。通過交互式多模型算法進(jìn)行濾波估計(jì)后,能夠獲得彈-目相對信息的估計(jì)值,為逼近目標(biāo)的真實(shí)運(yùn)動軌跡打下基礎(chǔ)。同時,采用簡單模型通過概率組合來逼近目標(biāo)真實(shí)運(yùn)動,研究如何在采用較少模型條件下獲得較高精度,并通過仿真驗(yàn)證所選擇的濾波所用模型能否在保證實(shí)時性的同時,最好地近似臨近空間高超聲速飛行器的實(shí)際飛行軌跡。最后,通過數(shù)據(jù)融合算法提高對相對運(yùn)動狀態(tài)的估計(jì)精度。將不同攔截器的探測信息進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)融合,由于濾波過程中每一個攔截器與目標(biāo)間皆可通過濾波獲得相對運(yùn)動狀態(tài)的估計(jì),因此可以以相對運(yùn)動狀態(tài)估計(jì)協(xié)方差矩陣大小作為加權(quán)依據(jù),對所獲得的多個數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行融合,以得到更高精度的結(jié)果,并通過仿真驗(yàn)證方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:In the foreseeable future, due to the continuous development of science and technology to make weapons with better performance, the future will usher in increasingly complex air combat environment, and in the near space. Hypersonic vehicle has the characteristics of fast target speed and response time, difficult target detection and strong lateral maneuverability. Therefore, it is necessary to study the defense technology of hypersonic vehicles in the near space at the same time, and to synthesize the present technical situation of precision guided weapons. The difficulty of intercepting near space hypersonic vehicle shows that it is very difficult to achieve direct collision interception of hypersonic target with precision guided weapon at present, when intercepting one to one. Because of the low detection accuracy of single interceptor, the interception probability is low. The cooperative detection of multiple interceptors can improve the detection accuracy of the relative moving state, and then improve the probability of intercepting the target. In this context, the study of multi-vehicle cooperative detection to improve the detection accuracy of hypersonic targets near the space has important practical significance. This paper mainly completes the following three aspects. In this paper, the cooperative guidance problem of multiple interceptors is described based on geometric relations, and an independent motion model and a relative motion model are established. Considering the actual measurable data and taking into account the simple filtering, the state variables are selected. The precision of filtering is the highest due to the measurement and cooperative variables. The interceptor motion model and the target motion model are established by selecting the global inertial coordinate system for the independent motion of the vehicle. Aiming at the relative motion of projectile and object, the line of sight coordinate system and the inertial coordinate system are selected to establish the mathematical model of the relative motion. Secondly, the filtering algorithm based on interactive multi-model is studied. Data sharing between interceptors in order to cooperate to complete the detection of the target region. The cooperative detection fusion of the detection information of multiple interceptors. Therefore, the detection range of interceptor can be increased and the precision of target state detection can be improved. After filtering estimation by interactive multi-model algorithm, the estimated value of projectile relative information can be obtained. At the same time, the simple model is used to approximate the real motion of the target through the combination of probability, and how to obtain higher accuracy under the condition of using fewer models is studied. And through the simulation to verify whether the selected filtering model can guarantee real-time, and best approximate to the actual flight trajectory of the space hypersonic vehicle. Finally. The data fusion algorithm is used to improve the estimation accuracy of relative motion state. The detection information of different interceptors is fused. Because the estimation of relative motion state can be obtained by filtering between each interceptor and target in the process of filtering, the size of covariance matrix of relative motion state estimation can be used as the weighting basis. The multiple data are fused to obtain higher accuracy results, and the effectiveness of the method is verified by simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V249;E926

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本文編號：1392103