【摘要】：中國是海洋大國,將來要走向海洋強(qiáng)國。我國對(duì)海洋資源的認(rèn)識(shí)正在不斷地加深。發(fā)展大型海洋工程技術(shù)與裝備,開發(fā)海洋油氣將作為我國的重要戰(zhàn)略。海底管道是海底油氣運(yùn)輸?shù)耐ǖ?深水海洋鋪管作業(yè)目前僅有少數(shù)幾個(gè)國家有相關(guān)的技術(shù),是限制我國深海油氣資源開發(fā)的主要瓶頸之一。我國建造了“海洋石油201”船。201船是世界上第一艘同時(shí)具備3000米深水鋪管能力、4000噸級(jí)重型起重能力和DP3級(jí)全電力推進(jìn)動(dòng)力定位的深水鋪管起重工程作業(yè)船。為了可以培訓(xùn)人員、預(yù)演方案、降低實(shí)船操作訓(xùn)練的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和提高作業(yè)效率,需要通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)構(gòu)建海洋鋪管起重作業(yè)視景仿真系統(tǒng)。張緊器的操作是鋪管過程中的重點(diǎn)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目。因此,構(gòu)建一套張緊器半物理仿真系統(tǒng)是項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)。張緊器仿真控制系統(tǒng)的建立具有很高的技術(shù)難度。本論文分別從張緊器的硬件架構(gòu)和軟件開發(fā)兩個(gè)方面,介紹了張緊器半物理仿真系統(tǒng)的組成,建立了鋪管過程中張緊器張力預(yù)測(cè)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,設(shè)計(jì)了張緊器控制臺(tái)的人機(jī)交互界面,并對(duì)張緊器仿真控制臺(tái)與鋪管主系統(tǒng)之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述,通過數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集和信號(hào)傳遞驗(yàn)證張緊器半物理仿真平臺(tái)的各項(xiàng)功能。論文研究的主要內(nèi)容包括:設(shè)計(jì)張緊器半物理仿真系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)建張緊器半物理仿真系統(tǒng)的硬件系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì)張緊器遠(yuǎn)程控制臺(tái)硬件結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)張緊器遠(yuǎn)程控制臺(tái)的面板,介紹張緊器遠(yuǎn)程控制臺(tái)上元器件的功能及應(yīng)用;運(yùn)用自然懸鏈線理論建立張緊器內(nèi)部張力預(yù)測(cè)的數(shù)學(xué)模型;使用LabVIEW虛擬儀器設(shè)計(jì)張緊器控制系統(tǒng)的人機(jī)交互界面;實(shí)現(xiàn)由LabVIEW開發(fā)的張緊器控制系統(tǒng)和Visual Studio 2005開發(fā)的鋪管主系統(tǒng)之間的數(shù)據(jù)通訊,闡述張緊器仿真控制臺(tái)與鋪管主系統(tǒng)之間需要傳遞的數(shù)據(jù);制定恒張力自動(dòng)控制方案,計(jì)算在正常鋪管過程中不同水深下張力值變化曲線和速度值變化曲線。使用NI數(shù)據(jù)采集卡采集張緊器遠(yuǎn)程控制臺(tái)的信號(hào),確保鋪管四個(gè)過程中張緊器半物理仿真系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行,從而驗(yàn)證該仿真系統(tǒng)的功能是否得到實(shí)現(xiàn)。本論文采用了半物理仿真方法,針對(duì)海底管道的鋪設(shè)過程中張緊器的控制進(jìn)行了模擬仿真。設(shè)計(jì)完成的張緊器遠(yuǎn)程控制臺(tái)功能符合人員培訓(xùn)的需求,提高了工程技術(shù)人員培訓(xùn)的效率,減小了工作人員的訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)度。
[Abstract]:China is a big marine power and will become a powerful marine power in the future. China's understanding of marine resources is deepening. The development of large-scale marine engineering technology and equipment and the development of offshore oil and gas will become an important strategy of our country. Submarine pipeline is the channel of seafloor oil and gas transportation. At present, only a few countries have relevant technology, which is one of the main bottlenecks restricting the development of deep-sea oil and gas resources in China. China has built the "Offshore Oil 201" ship. 201 is the first deep-water pipe laying engineering ship in the world with 3000 meters of deep water pipe laying capacity, 4000 tons of heavy lifting capacity and DP3 class full electric propulsion power positioning. In order to train the personnel, preview the scheme, reduce the risk of actual ship operation training and improve the operation efficiency, it is necessary to construct the visual simulation system of marine pipe laying and lifting operation through virtual reality technology. The operation of tensioner is a key training item in the process of pipe laying. Therefore, the construction of a tensioner semi-physical simulation system is the focus of the project. The establishment of tensioner simulation control system has high technical difficulty. In this paper, the composition of the semi-physical simulation system of tensioner is introduced from two aspects of hardware architecture and software development, and the mathematical model of tension prediction of tensioner in the process of pipe laying is established. The human-computer interaction interface of tensioner console is designed, and the data transmission between tensioner simulation console and pipe laying main system is described in detail. The functions of the tensioner semi-physical simulation platform are verified by the data acquisition and signal transmission of the data acquisition system. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the overall structure of tensioner semi-physical simulation system is designed, the hardware system of tensioner semi-physical simulation system is constructed, the hardware structure of tensioner remote console is designed, and the panel of tensioner remote console is designed. This paper introduces the function and application of components on the remote control platform of tensioner. The mathematical model of tension prediction in tensioner is established by using natural catenary theory, and the human-computer interaction interface of tensioner control system is designed by using LabVIEW virtual instrument. The data communication between the tensioner control system developed by LabVIEW and the main pipe laying system developed by Visual Studio 2005 is realized, and the data to be transmitted between the tensioner simulation console and the main pipe laying system is expounded. The automatic control scheme of constant tension is worked out, and the variation curves of tension value and velocity value under different water depths in the process of normal pipe laying are calculated. The NI data acquisition card is used to collect the signals of the remote console of the tensioner to ensure the normal operation of the semi-physical simulation system of the tensioner in the four processes of pipe laying, so as to verify whether the function of the simulation system is realized. In this paper, the semi-physical simulation method is used to simulate the tensioner control in the laying process of submarine pipeline. The remote console function of tensioner meets the needs of personnel training, improves the efficiency of engineering and technical personnel training, and reduces the training intensity of staff.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P756.2;TP391.9

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