【摘要】：國外使用聲波方法測量海底天然氣滲漏氣體流量時(shí),主要用反射波,這種方法適用于大流量的情況,對于氣體流量小的情況需要采用透射波測量。本課題組的前期研究提出了用透射聲波波形一振幅參數(shù)測量滲漏氣泡流量,并開展了模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,初步驗(yàn)證了這種測量方法的有效性,但還缺少反演氣泡流量所必需的某些基礎(chǔ)研究,比如氣泡流量參數(shù)與透射超聲波頻率、聲強(qiáng)等參數(shù)間關(guān)系。為得到準(zhǔn)確的氣泡流量測量結(jié)果提出了對氣泡流的大小和空間分布情況進(jìn)行調(diào)整,然后再進(jìn)行上述測量,因此需要首先設(shè)計(jì)氣泡預(yù)處理裝置。此外,當(dāng)運(yùn)用聲波方法對氣體流量進(jìn)行測量時(shí),聲波信號(hào)源需要能夠輸出兩種基本波,正弦波和脈沖波,除此之外還要具有跳頻波和脈沖串輸出等功能。當(dāng)前的通用信號(hào)源不能滿足要求,需要設(shè)計(jì)新型聲波信號(hào)源,用于海底天然氣滲漏流量的測量。 本文完成氣泡預(yù)處理裝置的設(shè)計(jì),所設(shè)計(jì)的氣泡預(yù)處理裝置由多層結(jié)構(gòu)重疊放置而成,利用氣泡預(yù)處理裝置內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)到對運(yùn)動(dòng)氣泡破碎和均勻分布的目的。氣泡預(yù)處理裝置的每一層分為氣泡切割、上導(dǎo)流、下導(dǎo)流三部分。氣泡切割部分用于實(shí)現(xiàn)氣泡碰撞破碎；下導(dǎo)流部分起到氣泡收集作用,使氣泡有正確運(yùn)動(dòng)方向；上導(dǎo)流部分用于矯正泡狀流運(yùn)動(dòng)路徑使其均勻的布滿下一層下導(dǎo)流入口處空間。此外,設(shè)計(jì)了海底滲漏氣泡預(yù)處理實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),包括海底滲漏氣泡模擬裝置、氣泡破碎實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置和數(shù)字圖像采集裝置等三大模塊。并在所設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)上進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),在MATLAB平臺(tái)對得到的大量統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理后得出所設(shè)計(jì)的氣泡預(yù)處理裝置對氣泡直徑、氣泡上升速度和氣體容積含氣率等重要參數(shù)的影響的幾點(diǎn)結(jié)論,證明了所設(shè)計(jì)氣泡預(yù)處理裝置對海底滲漏氣泡破碎和均勻的有效性。此外,所設(shè)計(jì)的聲波信號(hào)源具備基本波、跳頻波和脈沖串輸出功能,輸出波形精度和穩(wěn)定度滿足要求。 本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究針對海底滲漏氣泡聲波測量時(shí)需要?dú)馀荽笮『线m、在測量通道內(nèi)均勻分布這一要求,設(shè)計(jì)的氣泡預(yù)處理裝置達(dá)到要求。針對對聲源的要求所設(shè)計(jì)的聲波信號(hào)源工作穩(wěn)定,利于透射波測量海底滲漏氣體的流量。
[Abstract]:When the acoustic wave method is used to measure the leakage gas flow rate of natural gas in the seafloor, the reflected wave is mainly used in the abroad. This method is suitable for the case of large flow rate, and the transmission wave measurement is needed for the case of small gas flow rate. In the previous study of our research group, the transmission acoustic wave waveform amplitude parameter is proposed to measure the leakage bubble flow rate, and the simulation experiment is carried out to verify the effectiveness of this measurement method. However, there is still a lack of some basic research necessary for inversion of bubble flow, such as the relationship between bubble flow parameters and transmitted ultrasonic frequency, sound intensity and other parameters. In order to obtain accurate bubble flow measurement results, it is proposed to adjust the size and spatial distribution of bubble flow, and then to carry out the above measurement, so it is necessary to design bubble pretreatment device first. In addition, when the acoustic method is used to measure the gas flow rate, the acoustic signal source needs to be able to output two basic waves, sine wave and pulse wave, in addition to the functions of frequency hopping wave and pulse train output. The current general signal source can not meet the requirements, so it is necessary to design a new acoustic signal source for the measurement of seafloor natural gas leakage flow. In this paper, the design of bubble pretreatment device is completed, and the bubble preprocessing device is composed of multi-layer structure overlapping. The internal structure of bubble preprocessing device is used to achieve the purpose of broken and uniform distribution of moving bubbles. Each layer of bubble pretreatment device is divided into three parts: bubble cutting, upper diversion and lower diversion. The bubble cutting part is used to realize bubble collision and breakage; the lower diversion part plays the role of bubble collection so that the bubble moves in the correct direction; the upper diversion part is used to correct the bubble flow motion path so that it is evenly filled with the space at the entrance of the lower diversion. In addition, the experimental system of bottom leakage bubble preprocessing is designed, including three modules: bottom leakage bubble simulation device, bubble breakage experiment device and digital image acquisition device. The experiment is carried out on the designed experimental system, and a large number of statistical data obtained are analyzed and processed on the MATLAB platform, and the bubble diameter of the designed bubble preprocessing device is obtained. Some conclusions on the influence of important parameters, such as bubble rising velocity and gas volume gas content, prove the effectiveness of the designed bubble pretreatment device for bubble breakage and uniformity in seafloor leakage. In addition, the designed acoustic signal source has the functions of basic wave, frequency hopping wave and pulse train output, and the accuracy and stability of the output waveform meet the requirements. In order to meet the requirement of suitable bubble size in underwater leakage bubble acoustic wave measurement, the designed bubble pretreatment device meets the requirements of uniform distribution in the measurement channel. According to the requirements of sound source, the acoustic signal source is stable, which is helpful to measure the flow rate of leakage gas on the seafloor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P733.2;P714.3

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本文編號(hào)：2492335