發(fā)布時間：2018-08-25 20:15

【摘要】：海上溢油事故是一種嚴重的環(huán)境災(zāi)害,對海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境和社會經(jīng)濟活動產(chǎn)生長期、重大的危害,有必要采取合理、快速、高效的溢油應(yīng)急處置措施。溢油事故發(fā)生后,首先判斷事故可能對海域敏感資源造成的威脅程度等級,根據(jù)威脅度,評估處置技術(shù)的優(yōu)劣性,對處置技術(shù)進行最優(yōu)化選擇,實現(xiàn)高效處理溢油的同時,盡量減小溢油處理過程造成的環(huán)境影響和經(jīng)濟費用。 通過分析與溢油污染威脅程度有關(guān)的影響因素,建立了涵蓋溢油量、油品特性、船舶狀況、海域類型、海況五個方面的海上船舶溢油威脅程度評價的層次結(jié)構(gòu)指標體系,利用層次分析法分配各級指標的權(quán)重值,并運用模糊綜合評價方法對溢油的威脅等級進行評估。 彌補單純以經(jīng)濟指標評估技術(shù)優(yōu)劣的不足,研究中考慮環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟兩方面的因素,構(gòu)建包括技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境的技術(shù)評估指標體系。威脅度等級決定技術(shù)評估指標中技術(shù)性能、經(jīng)濟性能和環(huán)境性能的相對重要程度。威脅程度為重大,技術(shù)性能最為重要,其次是可能對環(huán)境造成的影響,最后考慮技術(shù)是否經(jīng)濟；威脅程度為較小,技術(shù)評估中因素考慮的優(yōu)先順序是：首先要求經(jīng)濟費用低、其次是環(huán)境影響和技術(shù)性能。技術(shù)指標的相對重要程度不同,構(gòu)造不同的判斷矩陣,計算得到的權(quán)重值不同。技術(shù)指標的權(quán)重分配決定溢油應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)的優(yōu)劣性評估。 以福建省廈門港油輪“閩燃供2號”溢油事故為例,根據(jù)溢油威脅程度評估模型,判斷此次事故可能對海域環(huán)境造成的威脅程度等級為重大,以此為依據(jù),構(gòu)造指標間不同相對重要程度的判斷矩陣,計算判斷矩陣,得到技術(shù)評估指標的權(quán)重,利用模糊綜合評價法對適用于該事故的處置措施進行優(yōu)劣性評估,為技術(shù)的進一步優(yōu)化篩選提供依據(jù),實現(xiàn)溢油事故處置技術(shù)的高效、經(jīng)濟、環(huán)保。
[Abstract]:Marine oil spill accident is a serious environmental disaster, which is harmful to marine ecological environment and social economic activities for a long time. It is necessary to take reasonable, rapid and efficient emergency measures to deal with oil spill. The advantages and disadvantages of disposal technology are evaluated, and the disposal technology is optimized to achieve efficient treatment of oil spill while minimizing the environmental impact and economic costs caused by the oil spill treatment process.
By analyzing the influencing factors related to the threat degree of oil spill pollution, a hierarchical index system for evaluating the threat degree of oil spill from ships is established, which covers five aspects: oil spill volume, oil characteristics, ship condition, sea area type and sea condition. The threat level of oil spill is evaluated.
In order to make up for the shortage of evaluating technology by economic indicators alone, a technical evaluation index system including technology, economy and environment is constructed by considering both environmental and economic factors. Performance is the most important, followed by the possible impact on the environment, and finally consider whether the technology is economic; threat degree is small, the priority of factors considered in technology assessment is: first, low economic costs, followed by environmental impact and technical performance. The weight distribution of technical indexes determines the quality evaluation of oil spill emergency disposal technology.
Taking the oil spill accident of the oil tanker "Fujian Fuel Supply No.2" in Xiamen Port of Fujian Province as an example, according to the oil spill threat assessment model, the degree of threat that the accident may cause to the marine environment is judged as important. Based on this, the judgment matrix of different relative importance between the indexes is constructed, the judgment matrix is calculated, and the weights of the technical evaluation indexes are obtained. Thirdly, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the disposal measures suitable for the accident, providing a basis for further optimization and screening of the technology, and realizing the high efficiency, economy and environmental protection of the oil spill accident disposal technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X55

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