本文選題：細顆粒沉積物 + 重金屬��； 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：中國東部海域接受大量的來自河流的沉積物，是陸海相互作用強烈的場所。百年的工業(yè)化進程中，特別是改革開放以來，大量的重金屬污染通過河流和大氣沉降等途徑進入到東部海域，并最終被保存在該海域沉積體中。沉積體中重金屬的研究，不僅可以了解人類活動對海域的影響，重建東部海域重金屬污染歷史，而且可以用作了解東部海域源匯作用的重要的指標，分析入海物質(zhì)源匯過程和效應(yīng)。基于采自東海、黃海的5根沉積物巖心和102個表層沉積物樣品，采用激光粒度分析、ICP-AES(MS)元素和穩(wěn)定同位素分析、多道γ譜分析系統(tǒng)等對沉積物進行了粒度、常量元素、微量元素及重金屬以及同位素分析，揭示了研究區(qū)重金屬時空發(fā)育特征，建立了高分辨重金屬沉積記錄，，探討了重金屬源匯過程和效應(yīng)。取得以下主要成果： 通過對東海和南黃海表層沉積物中重金屬含量的測定，獲得了東海和南黃海細顆粒沉積物中重金屬的空間分布規(guī)律。東海和南黃海的細顆粒沉積物中Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V和Zn的空間分布具有相似的變化規(guī)律：東海呈現(xiàn)由近岸沿東南向遠岸含量逐漸降低的變化趨勢；南黃海呈現(xiàn)由西向東含量逐漸增加趨勢。 利用富集因子、地質(zhì)累積指數(shù)的方法對研究海域底質(zhì)沉積物的質(zhì)量進行了環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價，表明Cr、Cu、Ni和V處于無污染狀態(tài)，而Zn和Pb存在一定程度的污染。盡管Pb和Zn存在一定程度的無污染，研究區(qū)海域所面臨的生態(tài)風(fēng)險是輕微的。 建立了中國東部陸架近160年來的高分辨重金屬沉積記錄，它包含3個階段。第一階段從1860到1930,鉛和鋅的富集因子的值幾乎保持不變,而在該時間段內(nèi)中國主要為一個農(nóng)業(yè)國家，這表明了在這個時間段內(nèi)鉛和鋅的含量可以作為該海域的背景值。在第二階段(1940年代-1980年代),鉛和鋅富集因子的值穩(wěn)步增加,這表明了東海近岸海域受到人為活動的影響在增強。第三個階段（1980年代—2009）在1980年代初期以后,人為活動對東海近岸海域的影響顯著的增強。盡管東海近岸海域中重金屬含量較高，但是在最近160年來，其面臨重金屬所帶來的生態(tài)風(fēng)險輕微。 東海和南黃海細顆粒沉積物中Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、V和Zn的單位面積埋藏通量研究表明：東海是重金屬的重要匯聚場所，其細顆粒沉積物中重金屬的埋藏通量約占所研究海域的79～82%；南黃海海域是重金屬的次要匯聚場所，細顆粒沉積物中重金屬的埋藏通量僅占所研究海域的21%～27%。 盡管輸入到研究海域的重金屬污染物來源復(fù)雜，其中金屬冶煉、煤炭、含鉛汽油燃燒和水泥工業(yè)等可能是東海近岸海域中鉛的主要人為來源。通過鉛同位素特征值的對比，東海近岸海域沉積物中的鉛相當(dāng)一部分來自于煤炭燃燒。
[Abstract]:In the process of industrialization, especially since the reform and opening up, a large amount of heavy metal pollution has been entered into the eastern sea area through rivers and atmospheric sedimentation, and is eventually preserved in the sediments of the sea area. Heavy metals in the sedimentary bodies. The study not only can understand the influence of human activities on the sea area, rebuild the history of heavy metal pollution in the eastern sea area, but also can be used as an important indicator to understand the source and sink of the eastern sea area, and analyze the process and effect of the source and sink of the material into the sea. Based on the East China Sea, 5 sediments core and 102 surface sediment samples in the Yellow Sea are used with laser particles. Degree analysis, ICP-AES (MS) element and stable isotope analysis, multi channel gamma spectrum analysis system, etc. have been used to carry out grain size, constant elements, trace elements and heavy metals and isotopic analysis. The characteristics of space-time development of heavy metals in the study area are revealed, high resolution heavy metal deposition records are established, and the process and effect of heavy metals source and sink are discussed. The following main achievements:
By measuring the heavy metal content in the surface sediments of the East China Sea and the South Yellow Sea, the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the fine granular sediments of the East China Sea and the South Yellow Sea is obtained. The spatial distribution of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in the fine sediments of the East China Sea and the South Yellow Sea has a similar variation rule: the East China Sea appears from the southeast to the far shore in the East China Sea The South Yellow Sea gradually increased from west to East.
The quality of the sediment in the sea area was evaluated by the method of enrichment factor and geological accumulation index. It showed that Cr, Cu, Ni and V were in the non pollution state, while Zn and Pb had some pollution. Although there was no pollution in Pb and Zn to a certain extent, the ecological risk faced by the sea area of the study area was slight.
A high resolution heavy metal deposition record for the East China shelf for nearly 160 years has been established. It contains 3 stages. The first stage is from 1860 to 1930. The value of the enrichment factor of lead and zinc is almost unchanged. In this period, China is mainly an agricultural country, which indicates that the content of lead and zinc within this time period can be used as the sea area. Background value. In the second stage (1940s -1980 years), the value of lead and zinc enrichment factors increased steadily. This indicates that the impact of artificial activities in the offshore waters of the East China Sea is enhanced. The third stages (1980s - 2009), after the early 1980s, significantly enhanced the impact of human activities on the East China Sea near shore. The content of heavy metals is high, but in recent 160 years, the ecological risk brought by heavy metals is slight.
The study on the burial flux per unit area of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in the fine particulate sediments of the East China Sea and the South Yellow Sea indicates that the East China Sea is an important gathering place for heavy metals, and the buried flux of heavy metals in the fine sediment is about 79 ~ 82% in the studied area, and the South Yellow Sea is a secondary gathering place for heavy metals and heavy gold in fine grain sediments. The buried fluxes of the genus accounted for only 21% to 27%. of the studied sea area.
Although the sources of heavy metal pollutants entered into the sea area are complex, metal smelting, coal, leaded gasoline combustion and cement industry may be the main anthropogenic sources of lead in the offshore waters of the East China Sea. By comparison of the characteristics of lead isotopes, a considerable portion of the lead in the sediments of the offshore waters of the East China Sea comes from coal combustion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P736.21;X55

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