本文選題：年際變化 + 海平面　； 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文利用海平面異常、海水溫度和風(fēng)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)，區(qū)分了兩種分布型厄爾尼諾事件期間，熱帶太平洋海平面年際變化特征和規(guī)律；采用物理模型定量估計(jì)了菲律賓以東海域風(fēng)場(chǎng)對(duì)海平面變化的貢獻(xiàn)；在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合ROMS模式，探討了風(fēng)影響熱帶太平洋海平面年際變化的機(jī)理。 熱帶太平洋海平面具有顯著的年際變化特征，變化顯著的區(qū)域位于西太暖池區(qū)與熱帶東太平洋。周期為30個(gè)月（準(zhǔn)兩年）和52個(gè)月的年際變化最為顯著。準(zhǔn)兩年振蕩的顯著區(qū)位于菲律賓以東海域和整個(gè)赤道太平洋；52個(gè)月振蕩則主要位于菲律賓和新幾內(nèi)亞島以東海域，以及赤道東太平洋。 過(guò)去的60年里共發(fā)生了21次厄爾尼諾事件，其中包括11次東太平洋型（東太型）厄爾尼諾事件，以及10次中太平洋型（中太型）厄爾尼諾事件。每個(gè)年代都有中太型事件發(fā)生，近二十年，中太型厄爾尼諾事件較東太型事件頻繁發(fā)生，且強(qiáng)度變化不大。 不同厄爾尼諾事件期間的海平面變化特征差異顯著。中太型事件期間，熱帶太平洋海平面呈梭子型變化，赤道中太平洋海平面升高，較東太型時(shí)期升高9cm；在東太型事件期間，海平面變化呈東高西低的蹺蹺板型，西太暖池區(qū)海平面下降，東太平洋海平面升高，整個(gè)太平洋海盆的海平面傾斜可達(dá)46cm。 中太型和東太型事件期間的海平面變化規(guī)律明顯不同。中太型事件的海平面演變特征主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵區(qū)：菲律賓以東海域海平面為負(fù)異常，鼎盛階段海平面負(fù)異常達(dá)到最大；赤道中太平洋海平面正異常顯著，在鼎盛階段達(dá)到最大。東太型事件期間海平面演變主要體現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)關(guān)鍵區(qū)：西太暖池北側(cè)——菲律賓以東海域，海平面為負(fù)異常逐漸減小，呈上升趨勢(shì)；暖池南側(cè)——南太平洋輻合帶海平面負(fù)異常逐漸增大，下降趨勢(shì)顯著；而赤道東太平洋海平面正異常逐漸減弱，海平面呈下降趨勢(shì)。 區(qū)域海平面變化受大氣風(fēng)場(chǎng)年際尺度變化的影響，兩種事件期間的風(fēng)場(chǎng)差異是引起同期海平面年際變化的重要因素。中太型厄爾尼諾事件期間，赤道中太平洋風(fēng)場(chǎng)輻聚，溫躍層加深，海洋層化加強(qiáng)，垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)減弱。有利于同期上層海洋熱含量正異常的維持，海平面上升。而菲律賓以東海域風(fēng)場(chǎng)輻散，海洋層化減弱，垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)加強(qiáng)，加劇了次表層與表層的熱量交換，海水冷異常顯著，海平面下降。與中太型事件明顯不同，東太型厄爾尼諾事件期間，風(fēng)場(chǎng)的輻聚區(qū)主要位于赤道東太平洋海域，該海區(qū)海平面上升；而風(fēng)場(chǎng)輻散區(qū)主要位于西太暖池區(qū)，該海區(qū)海平面下降。 兩種事件期間風(fēng)場(chǎng)通過(guò)Ekman效應(yīng)和Rossby波效應(yīng)對(duì)菲律賓以東海平面的變化的貢獻(xiàn)不同。中太型事件期間，風(fēng)場(chǎng)通過(guò)Rossby波效應(yīng)對(duì)海平面變化的貢獻(xiàn)持續(xù)存在，量值在35%。東太型事件期間，該效應(yīng)的貢獻(xiàn)范圍隨著事件的演變逐漸向西北退去，量值鼎盛期到達(dá)最大，變動(dòng)范圍在43-53%。局地Ekman效應(yīng)的貢獻(xiàn)隨兩種事件的演變逐漸較小，到中太型事件衰落時(shí)期，風(fēng)場(chǎng)仍有貢獻(xiàn)，，而東太事件的這一時(shí)期，Ekman效應(yīng)對(duì)海平面變化幾乎無(wú)貢獻(xiàn)。兩種事件期間，海面風(fēng)場(chǎng)通過(guò)Rossby波效應(yīng)對(duì)海平面變化的貢獻(xiàn)比局地Ekman效應(yīng)顯著。 數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明，風(fēng)場(chǎng)是影響海平面變化的重要因素，且區(qū)域特征顯著，特別是在東太型事件期間。東太型事件期間，風(fēng)場(chǎng)是影響海平面變化的主要因素，不同階段，其影響均有40-60%，在暖池區(qū)的發(fā)展階段這一影響最大。中太型事件期間，風(fēng)場(chǎng)對(duì)海平面變化有貢獻(xiàn)，這一貢獻(xiàn)主要體現(xiàn)在鼎盛和衰落階段的菲律賓以東海區(qū)，平均貢獻(xiàn)可達(dá)37%。
[Abstract]:In this paper , sea level anomaly , sea water temperature and wind field data are used to distinguish the interannual variability of sea level in tropical Pacific during El Nio events .
The contribution of wind field to sea level change in the east of the Philippines was estimated by using physical model .
On this basis , combined with ROMS model , the mechanism of wind influence on interannual sea level change in tropical Pacific Ocean is discussed .

The sea level in the tropical Pacific Ocean is characterized by significant interannual variability , which is located in the west Pacific Ocean region and the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean . The period is 30 months ( quasi - two years ) and the annual variation of 52 months is the most significant . The significant region of the quasi - two - year oscillation lies in the east of the Philippines and the entire equatorial Pacific Ocean ;
The 52 - month oscillation is mainly located in the east of the Philippines and New Guinea , as well as the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean .

There have been 21 El Ni帽o events in the past 60 years , including 11 East Pacific ( East Pacific ) El Ni帽o events , and 10 medium - Pacific ( medium - Pacific ) El Ni帽o events . There were middle - Pacific ( medium - and - Pacific ) El Ni帽o events in each of the decade . Over the last two decades , the events of El Nio in the medium - Pacific were frequent and the intensity changes were not large .

There was a significant difference in sea level change during different El Nio events . During the medium - Pacific events , the sea level in the tropical Pacific was changed , and the Pacific sea level in the equatorial Pacific increased , while the Eastern Pacific sea level rose 9cm ;
During the Eastern Pacific Ocean , sea - level change is seen as a seesaw type with low east - west sea level , sea level in the Western Pacific Ocean is decreased , sea level in the east Pacific is increased , and sea level tilt of the whole Pacific basin can reach 46cm .

The sea level evolution characteristics of medium - sized and east - Pacific events are obviously different . The sea - level evolution characteristics of medium - Pacific events are mainly reflected in two key areas : sea level in the east of the Philippines is negative anomaly , and sea level negative anomaly in the peak period reaches the maximum ;
The sea level evolution in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is very abnormal and the maximum is reached during the peak period . The sea level evolution in the east Pacific Ocean is mainly reflected in the following three key areas : the north side of the West Pacific Warm Pool and the east of the Philippines , and the sea level is gradually decreased and the trend is rising ;
The sea level negative anomaly gradually increases in the South Pacific convergence zone of the warm pool , and the decreasing trend is remarkable ;
The sea level in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is gradually weakened and sea level decreases .

The change of sea level in the region is affected by the interannual scale change of atmospheric wind field . The difference of wind field during the two events is an important factor causing the interannual variation of sea level in the same period .
and the wind field divergence area is mainly located in the west Pacific warm pool area , and the sea level of the sea area decreases .

During the two events , the contribution of wind field to sea level changes in the east of the Philippines is different through the Ekman effect and the wave effect . The contribution of the wind field to sea level change continues to exist in the period of 35 % . The contribution of the effect to sea level change gradually decreases with the evolution of the event . The Ekman effect has little contribution to sea level change . During the two events , the contribution of the surface wind field to sea level change is more remarkable than the local Ekman effect .

Numerical simulation results show that the wind field is an important factor affecting sea level change , and the regional characteristics are prominent , especially during the east Pacific region . Wind field is the main factor affecting sea level change . During the development stage of the warm pool area , the influence of wind field is 40 - 60 % . During the middle - type event , the wind field contributes to sea level change . This contribution is mainly reflected in the sea area east of the Philippines in the peak and decline stage , and the average contribution can reach 37 % .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P732;P731.23

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本文編號(hào)：2065285