本文選題：改性活性炭電極 + 氯化鋅活化�。� 參考：《東華大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：電容去離子技術(shù)由于具有能耗低、脫鹽效率高及無(wú)二次污染等特點(diǎn)，是一種具有較好發(fā)展前景的海水、苦咸水淡化技術(shù)。具有比表面積高、空隙豐富且廉價(jià)易得的活性炭是一種常用的電極材料。但傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)活性炭存在介孔分布較少和親水性較差等缺點(diǎn)，限制了在電容脫鹽過(guò)程中離子在電極上的擴(kuò)散與傳輸。本論文選擇氯化鋅活化及聚多巴胺改性等方法對(duì)活性炭進(jìn)行處理，分別制備孔徑分布及親水性改善的改性活性炭電極并組裝成電容器，研究其電化學(xué)及電容脫鹽性能。由于孔徑分布及親水性得到改善，在電容脫鹽過(guò)程中能提高電極對(duì)離子的吸附速率和吸附量。本文主要研究結(jié)果如下： 1、以氯化鋅為活化劑，將活性炭用氯化鋅溶液浸漬處理后，在氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)作用下設(shè)置一定溫度進(jìn)行活化處理，制備氯化鋅活化活性炭。比表面積測(cè)試結(jié)果表明活化后活性炭的比表面積和介孔孔容均得到提高。傅里葉變換紅外-拉曼（FTIR-Raman）光譜分析氯化鋅活化前后炭樣表面結(jié)構(gòu)成分的變化。以氯化鋅活化活性炭制備電極用于電容去離子，其脫鹽容量比活化前有明顯改善。研究了活化溫度對(duì)比表面積及電化學(xué)性能的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著活化溫度升高，比表面積逐漸降低，但電極比電容及對(duì)應(yīng)的電容脫鹽量增加。800℃時(shí)活化電極的電容脫鹽量比未活化炭電極提高了1.3倍，達(dá)到10.5mg/g。活化電極的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性好，制備步驟簡(jiǎn)單，易于批量生產(chǎn)。 2、通過(guò)多巴胺自身聚合機(jī)理，在室溫條件下只需將活性炭分散在多巴胺堿性溶液中簡(jiǎn)單攪拌一定時(shí)間，，即可得到表面負(fù)載聚多巴胺的親水性活性炭。XPS和FTIR證明了聚多巴胺在活性炭表面的成功負(fù)載，接觸角測(cè)試證明負(fù)載聚多巴胺活性炭親水性的改善。以聚多巴胺改性活性炭制備電極用于電容脫鹽，并研究了聚合時(shí)間對(duì)其電化學(xué)性能和脫鹽性能的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著聚合時(shí)間增加，聚多巴胺負(fù)載量增加，但電極的比電容及對(duì)應(yīng)的電容脫鹽量先增加，后降低。其中4h聚合時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng)聚多巴胺改性活性炭電極的脫鹽量及脫鹽速率分別達(dá)到12mg/g和0.35mg/(g.min)，比純活性炭電極有明顯提高。聚多巴胺改性活性炭電極制備方法簡(jiǎn)單，易于批量生產(chǎn)，且電極循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性好，可用于連續(xù)脫鹽。
[Abstract]:Because of the characteristics of low energy consumption, high desalination efficiency and no secondary pollution, capacitive deionization technology is a kind of seawater desalination technology with good development prospect and brackish water desalination. Activated carbon with high specific surface area, rich void and cheap and easy to obtain is a common electrode material. However, the traditional commercial activated carbon has the disadvantages of less mesoporous distribution and poor hydrophilicity, which limits the diffusion and transport of ions on the electrode during the process of capacitor desalination. In this paper the activated carbon was treated by zinc chloride activation and polydopamine modification. The modified activated carbon electrodes with improved pore size distribution and hydrophilicity were prepared and assembled into capacitors to study their electrochemical and capacitance desalination properties. Due to the improvement of pore size distribution and hydrophilicity, the adsorption rate and amount of ion adsorbed by the electrode can be increased during the desalting process of capacitance. The main results are as follows: 1. Zinc chloride activated carbon was prepared by impregnating activated carbon with zinc chloride solution and setting a certain temperature under nitrogen protection. The results of specific surface area test showed that the specific surface area and mesoporous volume of activated carbon were improved. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Raman spectroscopy (FTIR-Raman) was used to analyze the changes of surface structure of carbon samples before and after zinc chloride activation. The electrode prepared from activated carbon activated by zinc chloride was used for capacitive deionization, and its desalination capacity was obviously improved compared with that before activation. The effect of activation temperature on specific surface area and electrochemical performance was studied. It was found that the specific surface area decreased with the increase of activation temperature. However, the capacitance desalination capacity of the activated electrode was 1.3 times higher than that of the unactivated carbon electrode, and reached 10.5 mg / g when the specific capacitance and the corresponding capacitance desalination amount increased by 0.800 鈩

本文編號(hào)：2036085