本文選題：廢黃河三角洲 + 海岸演變��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：蘇北廢黃河三角洲海岸演變分別以1128年和1855年黃河南侵淮河入黃海和北歸入渤海兩個時間節(jié)點,分為黃河奪淮前、黃河奪淮期間和黃河北歸后三個階段。黃河奪淮前,即廢黃河三角洲的處于穩(wěn)定的障壁島-渴湖海岸階段,時間范圍為新石器時期～公元1128年,岸外以沙壩、o_湖、貝殼堤以及潮汐漢道組成了砂質(zhì)障壁島-渴湖海岸。黃河奪淮期間,公元1128～1855年,形成了河口三角洲、濱海平原以及岸外沙洲,河口向海延伸了74km,期間大量的泥沙物源輸入,使得廢黃河三角洲形成進入鼎盛時期,形成了河控型建設(shè)性三角洲。黃河北歸后,公元1855年至今,廢黃河三角洲侵蝕表現(xiàn)為海岸岸線的侵蝕內(nèi)移和水下岸坡的沖刷降低,呈�？匦推茐男匀侵�。這三個階段亦可分為廢黃河三角洲形成的穩(wěn)定階段、淤進階段、蝕退階段。 本文在前人對廢黃河三角洲演變的研究基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合近現(xiàn)代的降水量、氣溫等氣候要素數(shù)據(jù)資料與廢黃河三角洲演變相關(guān)聯(lián),分析氣候變化影響下蘇北廢黃河三角洲的塑造過程。然而,直至百年之前才進入對氣候數(shù)據(jù)儀器記錄的器測時代,浩瀚的人類歷史文明中較多的利用文字記載了有關(guān)氣候的信息,本文亦利用地方志、旱澇災(zāi)情進行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果表明氣候變化與蘇北廢黃河三角洲演變之間存在密切關(guān)聯(lián),并繪制氣候與海岸塑造的關(guān)系鏈。 目前,廢黃河三角洲海岸全長127.5km,地貌面積為857.67km2。受全球氣候變化和人類活動的雙重影響,以及黃河北歸以來岸灘侵蝕問題的加劇,使得廢黃河三角洲成為研究的典型區(qū)域。隨著江蘇沿海大開發(fā)的戰(zhàn)略提升,鹽城濱海港10萬噸級港口碼頭、航道工程的開發(fā)建設(shè)面對侵蝕問題的嚴重影響�？茖W(xué)分析該海岸的演變過程及趨勢,對廢黃河三角洲海岸的開發(fā)利用具有實際意義。 近年來,華東師范大學(xué)多年在廢黃河三角洲海域開展多次水文泥沙監(jiān)測。本文選取2012年7月于廢黃河三角洲近岸海域(北至灌河口,南至射陽河口)1個潮周期定點站位采樣點及140個大面走航站位點所采集的ADCP、OBS、水樣等數(shù)據(jù)資料。利用定點水樣實驗室測得懸沙濃度與ADCP反演懸沙濃度進行對比,實現(xiàn)ADCP反演結(jié)果的野外標定及驗證。對比分析ADCP反演的可靠性。并直接通過ADCP反演的方法高效解譯出大面懸沙濃度,結(jié)合其他數(shù)據(jù)資料,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)從廢黃河三角洲南翼懸沙濃度大于北翼,近岸懸沙濃度高于離岸,垂向上底層懸沙濃度高于表層。 分析表明,廢黃河三角洲岸灘沉積物的再懸浮是懸沙的主要來源。夏季降雨量的增大與徑流量之間的相應(yīng)關(guān)系使得大量泥沙隨徑流入海,亦成為影響廢黃河三角洲海岸懸沙變化的重要因子。此外,夏季沿岸流作用的影響,南部輻射沙洲的懸浮泥沙也對廢黃河三角洲南岸造成了一定的影響。
[Abstract]:The coastal evolution of the abandoned Yellow River Delta in northern Jiangsu Province was divided into three stages: the Huai River entering Huang Hai in the south of the Yellow River in 1128 and the Huai River in 1855 and the Huanghe River entering the Bohai Sea in the north, which were divided into three stages: the Huanghe River before the Huai River capture, the Huanghe River capture period and the Yellow River returning to the north. Before the Huanghe River took over the Huai River, the coastal stage of Ke Lake, a stable barrier island of the abandoned Yellow River Delta, was in the period from the Neolithic Age to 1128 AD. The sandy barrier island-Ke Lake coast was made up of sand dam, shell dike and tidal Han Road off the shore. During the capture of the Huanghe River, from 1128 to 1855, the estuary delta, coastal plain and offshore sandbanks were formed, and the estuary extended to the sea for 74 km. during which a large number of sediment sources were inputted, which led to the formation of the abandoned Yellow River Delta at its peak. A river-controlled constructive delta is formed. After the Yellow River returned to the north, the erosion of the abandoned Yellow River Delta from 1855 to present was characterized by the erosion inward movement of the coastal shoreline and the erosion of the underwater bank slope, which was characterized by the destructive deltas controlled by the sea. These three stages can be divided into stable stage, silting stage and erosion stage. On the basis of previous studies on the evolution of the abandoned Yellow River Delta, this paper is related to the evolution of the abandoned Yellow River Delta with the data of precipitation, temperature and other climatic elements in modern times. This paper analyzes the shaping process of the abandoned Yellow River Delta in northern Jiangsu under the influence of climate change. However, it was not until a hundred years ago that we entered the time of instrument measurement of climate data. In the vast historical civilization of mankind, the information about climate was recorded by writing, and this paper also used local chronicles, drought and flood to carry on statistical analysis. The results show that there is a close relationship between climate change and the evolution of the abandoned Yellow River Delta in northern Jiangsu, and the relationship between climate and coastal molding is drawn. At present, the total length of the abandoned Yellow River Delta coast is 127.5 km and the geomorphologic area is 857.67 km2. Due to the dual effects of global climate change and human activities, and the intensification of shoreline erosion since the northward return of the Yellow River, the abandoned Yellow River Delta has become a typical research area. With the strategic improvement of Jiangsu coastal development, the development and construction of waterway engineering in Yancheng seaport face the serious influence of erosion problem. Scientific analysis of the evolution process and trend of the coast is of practical significance to the exploitation and utilization of the abandoned Yellow River Delta coast. In recent years, East China normal University has carried out many hydrological sediment monitoring in the abandoned Yellow River Delta area for many years. In this paper, the data of ADCPOBS, water samples collected in July 2012 in the coastal waters of the abandoned Yellow River Delta (north to Guankou, south to Sheyang estuary) at a tide cycle fixed point station and 140 large plane navigation stations are selected. The suspended sediment concentration measured in the fixed point water sample laboratory is compared with the suspended sediment concentration inversion by ADCP, and the field calibration and verification of the ADCP inversion results are realized. The reliability of ADCP inversion is compared and analyzed. The large surface suspended sediment concentration is effectively interpreted by the method of ADCP inversion. Combining with other data, it is found that the suspended sediment concentration in the south wing of the abandoned Yellow River Delta is higher than that in the north wing, and the suspended sediment concentration in the near shore is higher than that in the offshore area. The suspended sediment concentration in the vertical bottom is higher than that in the surface. The analysis shows that the resuspension of sediment is the main source of suspended sediment in the Yellow River Delta. The relationship between the increase of rainfall in summer and the runoff makes a large amount of sediment flow into the sea and becomes an important factor to influence the suspended sediment variation along the coast of the abandoned Yellow River Delta. In addition, the influence of the coastal current in summer, the suspended sediment from the southern radiation sandbanks also has a certain effect on the southern shore of the abandoned Yellow River Delta.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P737.1

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本文編號：1829691