本文選題：大連灣 + 沉積物��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前大規(guī)模的海洋經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,加劇了海域生態(tài)環(huán)境的污染,對海水水質(zhì)、水生生物、水產(chǎn)資源等造成一系列影響。 大連灣地區(qū)在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的同時,也應(yīng)該注意保護其海域資源,本文通過2012和2013年的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,應(yīng)用不同的評價方法對該海域的海洋環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀進行評價。同時對該海域的沿岸用海項目進行逐個調(diào)查,結(jié)合岸線數(shù)據(jù)、污染源排放數(shù)據(jù),從海洋生態(tài)學(xué)的角度分析海域開發(fā)帶來的環(huán)境影響。根據(jù)研究,在2012年和2013年大連灣海域水質(zhì)屬于中度污染水平,COD、石油類、無機氮對海域污染的貢獻程度較大,其中COD和石油類均超過了二類海水水質(zhì)標準,結(jié)合歷史數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),該海區(qū)的主要污染物長期是COD和石油類；另外,通過單因子標準指數(shù)法、潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價法、地累積指數(shù)法對沉積物狀況進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩年中,大連灣海域的重金屬污染程度并沒有發(fā)生明顯變化,這與沉積物本身較為穩(wěn)定有關(guān),也說明這兩年中海域開發(fā)減少,沿岸沒有產(chǎn)生更多的用海項目。但是沉積物中Cu、Zn元素均超過二類標準,這與沿岸的裝備制造業(yè)、電鍍業(yè)集中有關(guān)；另外從潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價法的角度分析,Hg和Cd的生態(tài)風(fēng)險程度最高,Zn的風(fēng)險系數(shù)最小,所以應(yīng)采取有效的措施降低Hg和Cd的濃度；從地累積指數(shù)法的角度分析,近兩年六種重金屬的地累積指數(shù)均低于1,所以在該海域的沉積物中Cu、Pb、 Zn、Hg、Cd、As的累積效應(yīng)很低。另外,本文在研究海區(qū)沉積物的同時也關(guān)注相應(yīng)年度浮游生物和底棲生物的情況,通過對實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行相關(guān)性分析,認為Hg、 As對生物量、均勻度存在相關(guān)性。 最后綜合歷史數(shù)據(jù)分析,大連灣承載了市區(qū)70%左右的工業(yè)類廢水排放,其中石油類、重金屬元素Zn、Cu、Pb較容易超標排放,值得引起注意。
[Abstract]:At present, the large-scale development of marine economy has aggravated the pollution of the marine ecological environment, and has caused a series of effects on the seawater quality, aquatic organisms, aquatic resources and so on. While developing economy, Dalian Bay should also pay attention to protecting its marine resources. This paper analyzes the monitoring data of 2012 and 2013, and applies different evaluation methods to evaluate the present situation of marine environment in this area. At the same time, the coastal projects of the sea area are investigated one by one, and the environmental impact brought by the exploitation of the sea area is analyzed from the point of view of marine ecology, combining with the data of the shoreline and the discharge data of the pollution sources. According to the study, in 2012 and 2013, the water quality of Dalian Bay was classified as a moderately polluted level. The contribution of petroleum and inorganic nitrogen to the pollution of the sea area was significant. Among them, COD and petroleum exceeded the water quality standards of the second type of seawater, and were found in combination with historical data. The main pollutants in this area are COD and petroleum for a long time. In addition, by means of single factor standard index method, potential ecological risk assessment method and ground accumulation index method, it is found that in the past two years, The pollution level of heavy metals in Dalian Bay has not changed obviously, which is related to the stability of the sediment itself. It also shows that the development of the sea area has decreased in the past two years, and no more sea use projects have been produced along the coast. However, the Cu ~ (2 +) Zn elements in sediments are above the second class standard, which is related to the concentration of equipment manufacturing industry and electroplating industry along the coast, in addition, the risk coefficient of the highest ecological risk degree of Hg and CD is the lowest from the perspective of potential ecological risk assessment. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to reduce the concentration of Hg and CD, and from the point of view of geoaccumulation index method, the ground accumulation index of six heavy metals is lower than 1 in the last two years, so the accumulative effect of CuPb, ZnHgCdAs in the sediments of this sea area is very low. In addition, this paper also pays attention to the plankton and benthos in the corresponding year while studying the sediment in the sea area. Through the correlation analysis of the experimental data, it is concluded that there is correlation between the biomass and the uniformity of the HG and as. Finally, the comprehensive historical data analysis shows that about 70% of the industrial waste water is discharged in Dalian Bay, among which petroleum and heavy metal Zn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Pb are easily discharged over the standard, which is worthy of attention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P74;X826

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