本文選題：北極海洋浮標(biāo) + 傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)�。� 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：北冰洋冰區(qū)能夠明顯的影響北極冷空氣的范圍以及強(qiáng)度,是全球氣候中非常關(guān)鍵的組成部分。隨著溫室效應(yīng)的逐步提升,北極海冰的面積、厚度較以往相比發(fā)生了大的變化,這將對(duì)我國(guó)甚至是全世界范圍內(nèi)氣候產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重影響。因此,觀察海冰范圍以取得極地海冰的物理參數(shù)是進(jìn)行極地氣候研究的必備基礎(chǔ)以及重要條件。根據(jù)極區(qū)的環(huán)境的地理特性,建立一個(gè)具備在惡劣環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)期、連續(xù)、正常工作的觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)十分必要。通過(guò)在北冰洋地區(qū)安裝浮標(biāo)系統(tǒng),就能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)該地區(qū)的水文信息以及氣象信息等進(jìn)行低成本、低能耗、高效率的收集,從而研究這些信息之間的關(guān)系。通過(guò)搭載不同類(lèi)型的傳感器,極地浮標(biāo)可以進(jìn)行目標(biāo)測(cè)量、目標(biāo)感知、追蹤。但由于北極地區(qū)有著非常嚴(yán)峻的氣候條件,這對(duì)浮標(biāo)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由安全性提出了更高的要求。故本文對(duì)浮標(biāo)通信的失效機(jī)理進(jìn)行了分析并對(duì)浮標(biāo)通信安全性的提高進(jìn)行了研究。本文中首先對(duì)極區(qū)浮標(biāo)通信故障機(jī)理進(jìn)行了介紹。其次,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全性研究的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了闡述。再次,對(duì)浮標(biāo)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),通過(guò)AQWA軟件進(jìn)行模擬仿真,給出了浮標(biāo)體正常工作的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。最后,以此為基礎(chǔ),本文對(duì)浮標(biāo)所搭載的聲學(xué)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了可靠性研究。由于浮標(biāo)所搭載的水下聲學(xué)傳感器所組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有有限的帶寬和功率資源的特性,地理信息路由成為了研究的首選,但地理路由中的許多迂回算法卻不適用于三維水下網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。除此之外,生成樹(shù)路由用于此類(lèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)可有效發(fā)現(xiàn)迂回路徑,但該路由的有效性又很大程度上取決于預(yù)構(gòu)建生成樹(shù)的質(zhì)量�？傮w而言,大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有生成樹(shù)算法是以自上而下的方式生成樹(shù),其未考慮到網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的可用帶寬,故有可能創(chuàng)建出性能較差的樹(shù)路由。因此,本文中提出了一種名為帶寬感知路由樹(shù)的新型生成樹(shù),這種生成樹(shù)是以自下而上的方式構(gòu)建,同時(shí)會(huì)考慮到可用帶寬。模擬結(jié)果表明,相比其他生成樹(shù),帶寬感知路由樹(shù)的沖突凸包明顯更少,路徑吞吐量則更高,從而導(dǎo)致其在三維水下傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中路由可靠性能更好,提高了浮標(biāo)的服役安全性。
[Abstract]:The extent and intensity of Arctic cold air can be significantly affected by the Arctic ice, which is a key component of the global climate. With the gradual improvement of Greenhouse Effect, the area and thickness of Arctic sea ice have changed greatly compared with the previous ones, which will have a serious impact on the climate of our country and even the whole world. Therefore, observing the range of sea ice to obtain the physical parameters of polar sea ice is the essential foundation and important condition for polar climate research. According to the geographical characteristics of the polar environment, it is necessary to establish a long-term, continuous and normal operating observation system in a bad environment. By installing the buoy system in the Arctic Ocean, we can collect the hydrological and meteorological information in the region with low cost, low energy consumption and high efficiency, and then study the relationship between these information. By carrying different types of sensors, polar buoys can be used for target measurement, target sensing and tracking. However, due to the very severe climate conditions in the Arctic, this puts forward higher requirements for the routing security of buoy communication networks. Therefore, the failure mechanism of buoy communication is analyzed and the improvement of buoy communication security is studied in this paper. In this paper, the fault mechanism of pole buoy communication is introduced. Secondly, the development of sensor network security research at home and abroad is described. Thirdly, the whole structure of the buoy is designed, and the design parameters of the normal operation of the buoy are given through the simulation of AQWA software. Finally, the reliability of acoustic sensor network based on buoy is studied. Because of the limited bandwidth and power resources of the underwater acoustic sensor network, geographic information routing becomes the first choice of research. However, many circuitous algorithms in geographic routing are not suitable for 3D underwater network topology. In addition, spanning tree routing can effectively find circuitous paths when it is used in such networks, but the effectiveness of this routing depends to a large extent on the quality of pre-built spanning trees. In general most existing spanning tree algorithms generate trees in a top-down manner which does not take into account the available bandwidth in the network so it is possible to create poor performance tree routing. Therefore, a new generation tree named bandwidth aware routing tree is proposed in this paper, which is constructed in a bottom-up manner, taking into account available bandwidth. The simulation results show that compared with other spanning trees, the bandwidth aware routing tree has less collision convex hull and higher path throughput, which leads to better routing reliability in 3D underwater sensor networks. Improved service safety of buoys.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH766

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