本文選題：導(dǎo)管架下水 + 實(shí)測��； 參考：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國海洋油氣開發(fā)的發(fā)展，導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)的運(yùn)用越來越普遍，并且所能到達(dá)的水深越來越深，導(dǎo)管架的尺度也隨之增大。目前大部分的大中型導(dǎo)管架采用駁船運(yùn)輸和滑移下水進(jìn)行安裝，這就導(dǎo)管架對(duì)下水過程的設(shè)計(jì)提出了更高的要求。本文以導(dǎo)管架下水的實(shí)型測量為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合模型試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值計(jì)算，對(duì)大型導(dǎo)管下水的過程進(jìn)行了全面的分析討論。 導(dǎo)管架下水實(shí)型測量的內(nèi)容主要包括兩部分：一是下水過程導(dǎo)管架和駁船的運(yùn)動(dòng)；二是下水過程中搖臂的受力情況。對(duì)于導(dǎo)管架的運(yùn)動(dòng)，本文設(shè)計(jì)了GPS/慣性導(dǎo)航組合系統(tǒng)來進(jìn)行測量。當(dāng)導(dǎo)管架處于水面上時(shí)，利用精度較高的GPS測量其運(yùn)動(dòng)速度，當(dāng)導(dǎo)管架入水后，GPS失效，利用慣性導(dǎo)航測量導(dǎo)管架加速度；結(jié)合姿態(tài)矩陣解算導(dǎo)管架和駁船在下水過程中的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)歷。針對(duì)駁船搖臂在下水過程中的受力情況，選取可能出現(xiàn)的壓力集中點(diǎn)，，設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)力測量方案，利用光纖光柵應(yīng)變計(jì)對(duì)導(dǎo)管架下水過程中搖臂受力進(jìn)行實(shí)型測量。 實(shí)測得出的運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)果表明，整個(gè)導(dǎo)管架下水過程持續(xù)時(shí)間約為80s。期間經(jīng)歷了導(dǎo)管架與駁船只有相對(duì)滑動(dòng)、導(dǎo)管架與搖臂同步旋轉(zhuǎn)、導(dǎo)管架自扶正等階段。整個(gè)過程中導(dǎo)管所能到達(dá)的最大潛深約在水面以下80~90m，導(dǎo)管架最大縱搖角度為25°左右。搖臂受力最大的時(shí)刻出現(xiàn)在導(dǎo)管架重心滑移到搖臂轉(zhuǎn)軸上方時(shí)，此時(shí)單個(gè)搖臂表面受力大約在6000t~7000t之間。 模型試驗(yàn)中，選取不同的初始下水縱傾角，對(duì)下水過程進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示，不同的初始下水縱傾角對(duì)導(dǎo)管架的運(yùn)動(dòng)影響不大，其最大縱搖角隨著初始縱傾的增大而略微減��；但是對(duì)于駁船而言，初始下水縱傾角越大，在下水過程中其所能達(dá)到的最大縱搖角也越大。模型試驗(yàn)得出的導(dǎo)管架縱搖和垂蕩時(shí)歷曲線換算到實(shí)型值與實(shí)測值對(duì)比結(jié)果顯示，縱搖和垂蕩的幅值均符合得較好，而下水過程中各關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻的時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)均有所差別，通過模型試驗(yàn)換算的時(shí)間要長于實(shí)際測量值，本文分析認(rèn)為是由于雷諾數(shù)的不同引起的。 對(duì)導(dǎo)管架下水過程的數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)管架與滑道間的不同摩擦力系數(shù)會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)過程產(chǎn)生比較大的影響，主要體現(xiàn)在各關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻的時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)上。在初始縱傾角、初始船中吃水與摩擦力系數(shù)相同的情況下，數(shù)值計(jì)算得出的垂蕩、縱搖等運(yùn)動(dòng)幅值均略大于實(shí)測值，本文分析認(rèn)為，這是計(jì)算程序中對(duì)導(dǎo)管架所受到的附加質(zhì)量和阻尼估計(jì)不足造成的。
[Abstract]:With the development of offshore oil and gas development in China, the application of jacket platform is becoming more and more common, and the depth of water can be reached more and more deeply, and the scale of jacket also increases. At present, most large and medium-sized jacket are installed by barge transportation and slip launching, which puts forward higher requirements for the design of launching process. Based on the real type measurement of jacket launching, combined with model test and numerical calculation, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and discussion on the launching process of large ducts. There are two parts in the measurement of jacket launching, one is the movement of jacket and barge during launching, the other is the force of rocker arm during launching. The GPS/ inertial navigation integrated system is designed to measure the movement of the jacket. When the jacket is on the surface of the water, the high precision GPS is used to measure the velocity of the jacket, when the jacket enters the water, the GPS fails, and the inertial navigation is used to measure the acceleration of the jacket. The kinematic chronology of jacket and barge during launching is calculated by using attitude matrix. In view of the stress situation of the rocker arm in the launching process, the stress measurement scheme is designed by selecting the possible pressure concentration point, and the actual force of the rocker arm in the launching process of the jacket is measured by using the fiber grating strain gauge. The measured results show that the duration of the whole jacket launching process is about 80 s. During the period of jacket and barge only relative sliding, jacket and rocker arm synchronous rotation, jacket self-leveling and so on. The maximum depth of the conduit is about 80 ~ 90 m below the water surface, and the maximum pitch angle of the jacket is about 25 擄. When the center of gravity of the jacket slips to the top of the shaft of the rocker arm, the single rocker arm surface forces about between 6000t~7000t. In the model test, different initial launching inclination angles are selected to test the launching process. The results show that the maximum pitch angle decreases slightly with the increase of initial pitching, but for barges, the initial launching pitch angle increases with the increase of initial launching pitch angle. The maximum pitch angle can be reached in the launching process. The results of model test show that the amplitudes of pitching and swaying are in good agreement with the measured values, and the time nodes of each critical moment in the launching process are different. The conversion time from the model test is longer than that from the actual measurement value. The analysis shows that it is caused by the difference of Reynolds number. The numerical simulation results show that the different friction coefficients between the jacket and the slide track have a great influence on the whole movement process, which is mainly reflected in the time nodes at each critical moment. When the initial inclination angle, draft and friction coefficient of the initial ship are the same, the amplitude of motion, such as sagging and pitching, obtained by numerical calculation is slightly larger than the measured value. This is due to the insufficient estimation of the additional mass and damping of the jacket in the calculation program.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P751

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