本文選題：溢油分散劑　切入點：180#燃料油　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,海上交通運輸業(yè)的發(fā)展和海洋石油資源的開發(fā),大大提高了海洋溢油事故風(fēng)險,對海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴重威脅。在溢油事故應(yīng)急時,溢油分散劑常作為處理溢油的主要措施之一得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文選取發(fā)光細菌和黃海膽作為受試生物,選擇180#船用燃料油和光明2號(GM-2)溢油分散劑分別作為受試油種和分散劑,比較燃料油分散液和加入溢油分散劑后的乳化液對水生生物的毒性效應(yīng),為使用溢油分散劑的生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價提供參考依據(jù)。 本文通過180#燃料油分散液和乳化液對發(fā)光細菌的毒性效應(yīng)的研究,得到不同濃度下發(fā)光細菌的抑制發(fā)光率,并比較幾種常用函數(shù)的擬合效果,選擇效果最好的Generalized Logit Ⅱ和Logit函數(shù)模型,建立濃度-效應(yīng)關(guān)系；再利用建立好的濃度-效應(yīng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)不同毒性效應(yīng)下發(fā)光細菌的抑制發(fā)光率可以求得180#燃料油分散液和乳化液對發(fā)光細菌的15min-EC50值,分別為220.12mg/L和131.24mg/L,同時得出180#燃料油在加入溢油分散劑后毒性增大。 本文通過研究180#燃料油分散液和乳化液對海膽抗氧化系統(tǒng)的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),暴露期和恢復(fù)期的海膽腸和性腺組織在180#燃料油分散液和乳化液中的抗氧化酶活性均出現(xiàn)先誘導(dǎo)后抑制的趨勢,暴露期海膽腸組織的SOD、CAT、GST和GSH在分散液中的最大誘導(dǎo)值分別為113.06U/mgprot、120.72U/mgprot、132.26U/mgprot和178.67μmol/L;在乳化液中的最大誘導(dǎo)值分別為119.57U/mgprot、123.02U/mgprot、140.19U/mgprot和191.03μmol/L。但與暴露期相比,四種酶在恢復(fù)期的活性和變化程度均下降,最大誘導(dǎo)值降低；在乳化液中SOD、CAT、GST酶活性和GSH含量均明顯高于在分散液中的值,而且暴露期SOD和GST在分散液中出現(xiàn)的最大誘導(dǎo)值濃度均高于乳化液中,由此可以說明乳化液中的石油烴毒性略高,對海膽組織酶活性的影響偏大；此外,由實驗結(jié)果還可以得出海膽CAT和GSH對石油烴污染的敏感度更高,更適合作為監(jiān)測海洋石油烴污染的生物標志物。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development of marine transportation and the exploitation of offshore oil resources have greatly increased the risk of marine oil spill accidents, and have posed a serious threat to the marine ecological environment.In the emergency of oil spill accident, oil spill dispersant is often used as one of the main measures to deal with oil spill.In this paper, luminescent bacteria and yellow sea urchin were selected as tested organisms, and 180# marine fuel oil and Guangming No. 2 GM-2) oil spill dispersant were selected as tested oil species and dispersant, respectively.The toxic effects of fuel oil dispersions and emulsions with oil spill dispersants on aquatic organisms were compared in order to provide a reference for ecological risk assessment of oil spill dispersants.In this paper, the toxic effects of 180# fuel oil dispersion and emulsion on luminescent bacteria were studied. The inhibitory luminescence rate of luminescent bacteria at different concentrations was obtained, and the fitting effects of several common functions were compared.Choose the best Generalized Logit 鈪，

本文編號：1707786