【摘要】：我國的化石能源具有“多煤、少油、缺氣”的特點,硫酸型酸雨是我國酸雨的主要類型,燃煤產(chǎn)生的SO2排放是形成酸雨主要原因,中國已成為世界第一的產(chǎn)煤用煤大國,S02排放量迅猛增加,火電廠燃煤鍋爐的煙氣脫硫成為我國環(huán)境治理的首要問題,形勢尤為嚴峻。陜西興化化工公司自備電廠新建的4×160 t/h燃煤鍋爐,使用含硫量0.5%的設(shè)計煤種,每年約有0.76萬噸SO2排放到大氣中,給周界的環(huán)境帶來了嚴重的污染,而通過對煙氣SO2的治理,可以有效地回收廢氣中的SO2資源,改善周界環(huán)境,為社會、企業(yè)營造良好的環(huán)境質(zhì)量。本文通過對興化化工公司新建的4×160t/h煤粉鍋爐煙氣脫硫各種可能的備選技術(shù)方法進行甄選,分析各種方法的優(yōu)劣點,對常見脫硫方法的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟性進行比較,對煙氣脫硫的現(xiàn)狀和技術(shù)進展進行了全面的分析和總結(jié)。本文對建成后的煙氣脫硫裝置進行了性能測試和評價,裝置在運行過程中經(jīng)歷了各種工況的考驗,實踐表明該氨-硫酸銨法脫硫裝置運行是成功的。煙氣脫硫系統(tǒng)具有設(shè)計煙氣通量大流速低、凈化程度高、適應(yīng)各種工況的變化等特點。為了緩解企業(yè)蒸汽成本上漲的壓力,企業(yè)采用了煤種硫含量較高(硫含量0.9%)的煤種,該煤種的價格較低硫煤(硫含量0.5%wt)價格便宜,旨在降低動力蒸汽成本。為了解決使用高硫煤帶來的不達標排放等問題,企業(yè)在現(xiàn)有的運行數(shù)據(jù)和操作經(jīng)驗上,對整個脫硫裝置進行自主技術(shù)改造,通過系統(tǒng)分析和計算研究,通過增加必要的設(shè)備和機泵對現(xiàn)有的裝置進行因地制宜的改造,來達到提高裝置產(chǎn)能的目的,并滿足凈煙氣的達標排放標準(GB13223-2011),改造后產(chǎn)能得到了提高并延長了裝置的長周期運行時間,使裝置得到了全面的技術(shù)升級。對技術(shù)改造后的裝置進行了運行參數(shù)分析,經(jīng)濟效益評價和綜合能耗分析,結(jié)論表明改造后的裝置運行連續(xù)穩(wěn)定,凈煙氣達標排放,產(chǎn)能達到改造后的目標,經(jīng)濟效益明顯,在一定程度上緩解了企業(yè)的虧損局面,噸產(chǎn)品的綜合能耗處于行業(yè)內(nèi)平均水平,硫酸銨質(zhì)量滿足GB535-1995合格品的要求。
[Abstract]:The fossil energy of our country has the characteristics of "more coal, less oil, lack of gas". Sulphuric acid rain is the main type of acid rain in China, and the emission of SO2 from coal combustion is the main reason for forming acid rain. China has become the first coal producing country in the world. With the rapid increase of S02 emissions, flue gas desulfurization of coal-fired boilers in thermal power plants has become the primary problem of environmental control in China, and the situation is especially severe. The newly built 4 脳 160t / h coal-fired boiler in Shaanxi Xinghua Chemical Company's own power plant uses a designed coal type containing 0.5% sulfur, and about 7600 tons of SO2 is discharged into the atmosphere every year, which has brought serious pollution to the surrounding environment. The treatment of flue gas SO2 can effectively recover the SO2 resources in waste gas improve the perimeter environment and create a good environmental quality for the society and enterprises. Based on the selection of various possible technical methods for flue gas desulfurization of 4 脳 160t/h pulverized coal boiler set up by Xinghua Chemical Company, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and compares the technical and economic performance of common desulfurization methods. The present situation and technical progress of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) are analyzed and summarized in this paper. In this paper, the performance test and evaluation of the built FGD unit has been carried out. It has been tested under various working conditions in the process of operation, and the practice shows that the operation of the FGD unit by ammonia-ammonium sulfate method is successful. The flue gas desulfurization system has the characteristics of high flow rate, high purification degree, and adaption to the change of various working conditions. In order to alleviate the pressure of rising steam cost, the enterprise adopted coal with higher sulfur content (0.9% sulfur content), which is cheaper than low sulfur coal (sulfur content 0.5%wt) in order to reduce the power steam cost. In order to solve the problem of substandard emission caused by the use of high sulfur coal, the enterprise has carried on the independent technical transformation to the whole desulphurization unit on the basis of the existing operation data and operation experience, and has carried on the systematic analysis and the calculation research, Through the addition of the necessary equipment and pumps to adapt the existing plant to local conditions, the purpose of increasing the capacity of the plant and meeting the discharge standard (GB13223-2011) of net flue gas is achieved. After revamping, the capacity of the plant is improved and the long-term running time of the unit is prolonged, so that the equipment is upgraded in an all-round way. The operation parameter analysis, economic benefit evaluation and comprehensive energy consumption analysis of the equipment after technical transformation are carried out. The conclusion shows that the revamped plant runs continuously and stably, the net flue gas reaches the standard of discharge, the production capacity reaches the target of the revamping, and the economic benefit is obvious. To a certain extent, the loss of the enterprise is alleviated, the energy consumption of tons of products is in the average level in the industry, and the quality of ammonium sulfate meets the requirements of GB535-1995 qualified products.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TK229.6

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