發(fā)布時間：2019-03-23 19:24

【摘要】：混合氣體的溫度、濃度和速度分布的同時測量對于確保系統(tǒng)安全、高效運行,減少污染物排放具有重要意義。由于混合氣體系統(tǒng)中溫度、濃度和速度對測量信息的耦合影響,實時、準(zhǔn)確地獲取系統(tǒng)物理狀態(tài)參數(shù)非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性。聲學(xué)法因具有非侵入傳感、全場監(jiān)測、在線測量等優(yōu)點被認(rèn)為是具有廣闊發(fā)展前景的可視化測量方法�；诼暡ǔ谠ニp,本文提出了將氣體的弛豫衰減作為新的聲學(xué)參數(shù),聯(lián)合聲速和經(jīng)典衰減,對混合氣體的溫度、濃度和速度分布進(jìn)行同時重建。不同于一種傳感器只測量一種物理參數(shù)的測量方法,本文提出的方法可以利用聲學(xué)傳感器對復(fù)雜熱物理場中多參數(shù)同時測量。主要工作如下：(1)聲學(xué)基本理論研究對實現(xiàn)混合氣體溫度、濃度和速度分布的同時測量具有重要意義。本文研究了聲波的產(chǎn)生及傳播機(jī)理,比較了聲傳播三種計算模型,確定了以射線模型作為本文的基本計算模型。給出了聲波經(jīng)典衰減的計算方法；討論了多原子氣體中的分子碰撞能量轉(zhuǎn)移模型,明確了弛豫過程中的能量轉(zhuǎn)移模式；總結(jié)了弛豫衰減系數(shù)的計算過程；并提出了高溫環(huán)境中的弛豫衰減系數(shù)的計算模式。(2)建立聲學(xué)參數(shù)與混合氣體溫度、濃度和速度的耦合模型是實現(xiàn)復(fù)雜熱物理場內(nèi)多參數(shù)同時測量的關(guān)鍵。本文揭示了混合氣體的溫度、濃度以及速度與聲學(xué)測量參數(shù)的耦合關(guān)系,建立了混合氣體溫度、濃度和速度信息的同時重建模型。提出了基于聲速和聲衰減的測量,對混合氣體的溫度、濃度和速度分布進(jìn)行同時重建的方法,并通過數(shù)值仿真驗證了方法的可行性和有效性。(3)提出了一個廣義Tikhonov正則化算法求解聲學(xué)反問題。通過建立新的目標(biāo)泛函將聲學(xué)反問題轉(zhuǎn)化為一個最優(yōu)化問題的求解。該目標(biāo)泛函采用M估計緩解測量粗差的影響,同時引入了全變差正則和被測對象的低秩約束；提出了一個集成了分裂Bregman算法優(yōu)勢的迭代格式有效求解該目標(biāo)泛函。數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果表明,該算法是可行的,能夠確保穩(wěn)定的數(shù)值解,并能夠有效改善重建質(zhì)量,為實現(xiàn)復(fù)雜熱物理場多參數(shù)的高精度同時重建奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(4)采用數(shù)值仿真途徑,對爐膛煙氣中的溫度分布,氣體混合過程的溫度與濃度分布,以及大氣表層的氣體流動及溫度分布進(jìn)行了仿真重建,驗證了本文提出的復(fù)雜熱物理場多參數(shù)同時重建方法的可行性。(5)搭建了可以聯(lián)合測量聲速和聲衰減的實驗系統(tǒng)。測量了聲波在不同混合氣體中的傳播參數(shù),對聲學(xué)參數(shù)與氣體溫度、濃度耦合關(guān)系模型進(jìn)行了修正,驗證了均場下的溫度、濃度同時重建方法的有效性。本文的研究工作是對聲學(xué)測量思路的擴(kuò)展,將原有的側(cè)重于測量單一熱物理參數(shù)的測量方法推廣到多種參數(shù)(包括溫度、濃度與速度等)的同時測量,為復(fù)雜熱物理場參數(shù)的測量提供了一種新的有效方法。
[Abstract]:The simultaneous measurement of the temperature, concentration and velocity distribution of the mixture gas is of great significance to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the system and to reduce the emission of pollutants. Because of the coupling effect of temperature, concentration and velocity on the measurement information in the mixed gas system, it is very challenging to obtain the physical state parameters of the system in real time and accurately. Because of the advantages of non-invasive sensing, full-field monitoring and on-line measurement, acoustic method is considered to be a visual measurement method with broad development prospects. Based on acoustic relaxation attenuation, the gas relaxation attenuation is proposed as a new acoustic parameter, which combines sound velocity and classical attenuation to reconstruct the temperature, concentration and velocity distribution of the mixture gas at the same time. Different from one kind of measurement method that only one physical parameter is measured by a sensor, the method proposed in this paper can simultaneously measure the multi-parameter in complex thermal physical field by using acoustic sensor. The main work is as follows: (1) it is very important to measure the temperature, concentration and velocity distribution of the mixture gas simultaneously by studying the basic theory of acoustics. In this paper, the generation and propagation mechanism of sound wave are studied, three kinds of calculation models of sound propagation are compared, and the ray model is selected as the basic calculation model of this paper. The calculation method of classical attenuation of acoustic wave is given, the energy transfer model of molecular collision in polyatomic gas is discussed, the energy transfer mode in relaxation process is defined, and the calculation process of relaxation attenuation coefficient is summarized. The calculation model of relaxation attenuation coefficient in high temperature environment is put forward. (2) the coupling model of acoustic parameters and temperature, concentration and velocity of gas mixture is the key to realize simultaneous measurement of multi-parameters in complex thermal physical field. In this paper, the coupling relations between the temperature, concentration and velocity of the mixture gas and the acoustic measurement parameters are revealed, and the simultaneous reconstruction model of the temperature, concentration and velocity information of the mixture gas is established. Based on the measurement of sound velocity and sound attenuation, the temperature, concentration and velocity distributions of mixed gases are reconstructed simultaneously. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by numerical simulation. (3) A generalized Tikhonov regularization algorithm is proposed to solve the inverse acoustic problem. The inverse acoustic problem is transformed into an optimization problem by establishing a new objective functional. The objective functional uses M estimation to mitigate the influence of gross error, and introduces the regularization of total variation and the low rank constraint of the tested object, and proposes an iterative scheme which integrates the advantages of the split Bregman algorithm to solve the objective functional effectively. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and can ensure stable numerical solution and improve the reconstruction quality effectively. It lays a foundation for the high precision simultaneous reconstruction of complex thermal physical field. (4) the temperature distribution in furnace flue gas and the temperature and concentration distribution in gas mixing process are simulated by numerical simulation. The simulation reconstruction of gas flow and temperature distribution in the surface of atmosphere is carried out to verify the feasibility of the multi-parameter simultaneous reconstruction method of complex thermal physical field. (5) an experimental system for joint measurement of sound velocity and sound attenuation is built. The propagation parameters of acoustic wave in different gas mixtures have been measured. The coupling model of acoustic parameters with gas temperature and concentration has been modified to verify the effectiveness of the method for simultaneous reconstruction of temperature and concentration in the mean field. The research work of this paper is to extend the idea of acoustic measurement, and extend the original measurement method, which focuses on the measurement of single thermophysical parameters, to the simultaneous measurement of various parameters (including temperature, concentration and velocity, etc.). A new and effective method is provided for the measurement of complex thermal physical field parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TK31

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本文編號：2446153