【摘要】：渦流室式柴油機(jī)工作性能優(yōu)良、排放量低、制造成本低廉,在我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械、交通運(yùn)輸、工業(yè)等領(lǐng)域獲得了快速的發(fā)展和廣泛的應(yīng)用。渦流室式柴油機(jī)主要用于汽車、農(nóng)用水泵、拖拉機(jī)、收割機(jī)、小型工程機(jī)械、小型船舶等的動(dòng)力組件。盡管面臨著直噴式柴油機(jī)和火花點(diǎn)燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng),但通過不斷的進(jìn)步,它仍具有很強(qiáng)生命力,尤其在小型、高速、自然吸氣式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)。由于渦流室式柴油機(jī)具有低排放、低噪聲、高速適應(yīng)性好等特點(diǎn),近年來,國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更加嚴(yán)格,所以渦流室式柴油機(jī)越來越受到了小型農(nóng)用機(jī)械的廣泛青睞。因此本文對(duì)渦流室式柴油機(jī)性能的研究,不僅具有一定的學(xué)術(shù)意義還具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。本課題是在與企業(yè)合作開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的。以LN2V22渦流室式柴油機(jī)為研究樣機(jī),以提高動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性為目標(biāo),研究分析渦流室式柴油機(jī)性能及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)方法。課題首先對(duì)原機(jī)性能進(jìn)行摸底分析,研究結(jié)果表明:原機(jī)進(jìn)氣量嚴(yán)重不足,燃油消耗率過高,缸內(nèi)壓升率高導(dǎo)致工作粗暴,動(dòng)力性不足,功率無法達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求等問題。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),原機(jī)氣道設(shè)計(jì)不合理是導(dǎo)致進(jìn)氣量不足的原因。與廠家商定后對(duì)原機(jī)進(jìn)、排氣道進(jìn)行優(yōu)化處理,但通過試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),優(yōu)化進(jìn)、排氣道后,柴油機(jī)性能有所改善,但其動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性仍無法達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求,故在更改氣道的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行重新設(shè)計(jì),優(yōu)化配氣凸輪型線,并在裝有新凸輪軸的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上進(jìn)行燃油供給系統(tǒng)的匹配試驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步提高該柴油機(jī)性能,最終滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。對(duì)LN2V22柴油機(jī)原機(jī)及優(yōu)化后發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行性能試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,原機(jī)標(biāo)定功率為13.8k W,燃油消耗率為366.8g/(k W·h),最高壓升率1.49MPa/°CA;優(yōu)化氣道后發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最大功率上升到15.1k W,燃油消耗率下降至320.0g/(k W·h),最高壓升率降為0.74MPa/°CA;通過對(duì)配氣凸輪軸型線的優(yōu)化,最終柴油機(jī)標(biāo)定功率達(dá)到15.8k W,燃油消耗率下降到294.0g/(k W·h),最高壓升率0.52MPa/°CA。研究結(jié)果表明進(jìn)氣量不足及燃油供給系統(tǒng)與柴油機(jī)不匹配是造成LN2V22渦流室式柴油機(jī)性能差的主要原因,本文的研究可作為該類渦流室式柴油機(jī)性能優(yōu)化提升的示例。
[Abstract]:The swirl chamber diesel engine has been developed rapidly and widely used in agricultural machinery, transportation, industry and other fields because of its excellent performance, low emission and low manufacturing cost. Swirl chamber diesel engine is mainly used for motor vehicles, agricultural pumps, tractors, harvesters, small construction machinery, small ships and other power components. Despite the fierce competition between direct injection diesel engines and spark ignition engines, it still has strong vitality through continuous progress, especially in the field of small, high speed, naturally aspirated engines. Since swirl chamber diesel engine has the characteristics of low emission, low noise, high speed adaptability and so on, in recent years, the engine emission standard is more and more strict in China, so swirl chamber diesel engine is more and more popular in small farm machinery. Therefore, the research on the performance of swirl chamber diesel engine is not only of academic significance but also of practical value. This subject is carried out on the basis of cooperation with enterprises. Taking the LN2V22 swirl chamber diesel engine as the research prototype, the performance and structure improvement methods of the swirl chamber diesel engine are studied and analyzed in order to improve the power performance and economy. The research results show that the air intake of the original engine is seriously insufficient, the fuel consumption rate is too high, the high in-cylinder pressure rise rate leads to rough work, insufficient power, and the power can not meet the design requirements. Through the analysis, it is found that the unreasonable design of the original air inlet is the cause of the insufficient air intake. After negotiation with the manufacturer, the original intake and exhaust channels were optimized. However, the performance of the diesel engine was improved after the optimization of the intake and exhaust channels, but its power performance and economy could not meet the design requirements. Therefore, on the basis of changing the port, the valve mechanism is redesigned, the valve cam profile is optimized, and the matching test of fuel supply system is carried out on the engine with new camshaft to further improve the performance of the diesel engine. Finally meet the design requirements. The performance tests of LN2V22 diesel engine and optimized engine are carried out. The experimental results show that, The calibration power of the original engine is 13.8 kW, the fuel consumption rate is the 366.8g/ (k W h), maximum high pressure lift rate 1.49MPa/ 擄CA;, the engine maximum power rises to 15.1kW after optimizing the port, and the fuel consumption rate decreases to the 320.0g/ (k W h), maximum high pressure rise rate to 0.74MPa/ 擄CA;. By optimizing the valve camshaft profile, the fuel consumption rate is reduced to 0.74MPa/ 擄CA;. In the end, the calibration power of diesel engine reached 15.8kW, and the fuel consumption rate decreased to 0.52MPa/ 擄CA., the most high pressure rise rate of 294.0g/ (k W h),. The results show that insufficient intake and mismatch between fuel supply system and diesel engine are the main reasons for the poor performance of LN2V22 swirl chamber diesel engine. The research in this paper can be used as an example of performance optimization and promotion of this kind of swirl chamber diesel engine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TK421

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本文編號(hào)：2288453