發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-20 12:59

【摘要】：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲柄上螺紋孔的加工是零件加工的關(guān)鍵工序。然而傳統(tǒng)的加工方法存在著精度低、刀具易損壞等缺點(diǎn),所生產(chǎn)的螺紋也存在著燒結(jié)、松動(dòng)等問題,存在重大安全隱患,而且需要人工修整,效率較低。通過對比各種加工方法,選定螺紋銑削工藝為最終方案。螺紋銑削方法對比其他工藝,具有效率高、精度高、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn),且適用于批量生產(chǎn)。但是由于銑削需要三軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控銑床,因此一直未能廣泛應(yīng)用,隨著數(shù)控設(shè)備的普及,螺紋銑削工藝的應(yīng)用日益廣泛。本次項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)了螺紋銑削的工藝流程,結(jié)合刀具知識和生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,選擇合適的螺紋銑刀,并根據(jù)其加工原理編制數(shù)控加工程序。通過應(yīng)用正交試驗(yàn)方法,確定螺紋銑削加工中的關(guān)鍵參數(shù),以實(shí)現(xiàn)提高加工質(zhì)量與效率的目的。試驗(yàn)以切削速度、每齒進(jìn)給量、背吃刀量為影響因素,每個(gè)因素選取4個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)水平,以螺紋牙的粗糙度為實(shí)驗(yàn)指標(biāo)。在數(shù)控銑床上進(jìn)行加工實(shí)驗(yàn),用螺紋塞規(guī)檢驗(yàn)其合格性,用粗糙度儀測量螺紋牙粗糙度。并對實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分別進(jìn)行直觀分析和方差分析,確定各因素對指標(biāo)的影響大小。分析結(jié)果表明,在螺紋銑削加工中因素的影響大小依次是:每齒進(jìn)給量,切削速度,背吃刀量。之后,對每齒進(jìn)給量進(jìn)行單因素優(yōu)化,確定最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合。在試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,確定了表面粗糙度的預(yù)測模型。由于螺紋孔和螺栓強(qiáng)度直接影響發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),所以本文對平衡塊與螺栓隨曲軸運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程進(jìn)行受力分析和計(jì)算,并通過UG軟件對其建模。通過運(yùn)用有限元分析軟件ANSYS對螺紋孔和螺栓進(jìn)行受力仿真和分析。并應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律為基礎(chǔ),提出了對現(xiàn)有螺紋設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)措施。
[Abstract]:The machining of threaded holes on engine crank is the key process of machining parts. However, the traditional machining methods have some shortcomings, such as low precision, easy damage of cutting tools, and the problems of sintering and loosening of thread produced, which have great safety hidden trouble, and need manual dressing, so the efficiency is low. Through the comparison of various processing methods, the thread milling process is selected as the final scheme. The thread milling method has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision and low cost, and is suitable for mass production. But because milling needs three-axis linkage NC milling machine, it has not been widely used. With the popularization of numerical control equipment, thread milling technology is increasingly widely used. The process of thread milling is designed in this project. According to the knowledge of cutting tool and production practice, the suitable thread milling cutter is selected, and the NC machining program is compiled according to its machining principle. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of thread milling, the key parameters of thread milling are determined by means of orthogonal test. In the experiment, cutting speed, feed rate per tooth and the amount of back feed knife were taken as the influencing factors, 4 design levels were selected for each factor, and the roughness of the thread tooth was taken as the experimental index. The machining experiment was carried out on the NC milling machine, the thread plug gauge was used to test its eligibility, and the roughness of the thread tooth was measured with the roughness meter. The experimental results were analyzed by visual analysis and variance analysis to determine the influence of each factor on the index. The results show that the influence of factors in thread milling is as follows: feed per tooth, cutting speed and back feed. After that, the feed rate per tooth is optimized by single factor, and the optimal parameter combination is determined. On the basis of experiment, the prediction model of surface roughness is established. As the strength of thread holes and bolts directly affect the normal operation of the engine, the force analysis and calculation of the balance block and bolt with the crankshaft movement are carried out in this paper, and the model is established by UG software. The finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to simulate and analyze the stress of thread holes and bolts. On the basis of stress distribution law, the improvement measures of thread design are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TK406;TG62

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