【摘要】：燃煤鍋爐廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中,燃煤鍋爐的汞污染已經(jīng)引起了各國政府的高度重視。很多國家都提出了燃煤鍋爐汞排放控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn),很多學(xué)者對煤種汞含量和燃煤鍋爐的汞排放控制技術(shù)進行了研究。目前燃煤鍋爐煙氣中汞的轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律理論已基本成熟,在認(rèn)識清楚轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律的條件下,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者不僅對現(xiàn)有污染物控制裝置的脫汞效率進行了研究,也研究開發(fā)出很多脫汞實用技術(shù),文中對相關(guān)內(nèi)容進行了整理分析。結(jié)合國內(nèi)外學(xué)者脫汞技術(shù)的研究成果,從指導(dǎo)燃煤鍋爐脫汞設(shè)計計算的角度出發(fā),本文重點對燃煤鍋爐常用的污染物控制裝置的脫汞效率進行了分析研究。文中收集整理了16個電廠汞質(zhì)量平衡數(shù)據(jù),通過分析研究表明,現(xiàn)常用污染物控制裝置中,脫硝裝置不能脫除燃煤鍋爐煙氣中的汞,但能提高除塵裝置和脫硫裝置汞脫除效率；布袋除塵器比電除塵器脫汞效率高；循環(huán)流化床鍋爐現(xiàn)有污染物控制裝置比煤粉鍋爐現(xiàn)有污染物控制裝置脫汞效率高。根據(jù)研究成果,整理了燃煤鍋爐設(shè)計計算過程中,常用污染物控制裝置脫汞效率選值推薦表。為了能進一步指導(dǎo)燃煤鍋爐脫汞設(shè)計計算,本文著重研究了燃煤鍋爐脫汞效率的計算公式,并從中國汞排放限值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出發(fā),選取了6個電廠進行了脫汞效率分析。研究表明,現(xiàn)有污染物裝置基本能保證脫汞效率控制在中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的限值范圍內(nèi),對于煤中汞含量較高的中國云貴地區(qū)的燃煤鍋爐,污染物控制裝置的脫汞效率達(dá)到90%～95%時,可以控制大多數(shù)燃煤鍋爐汞排放值達(dá)到國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值范圍。本文還結(jié)合理想氣體理論,分析了汞對燃煤鍋爐煙氣量的實際影響程度,得出汞對煙氣量的影響很小,可以忽略不計。
[Abstract]:Coal-fired boilers are widely used in industrial production. Mercury pollution of coal-fired boilers has been paid great attention by governments all over the world. Many countries have put forward mercury emission control standards for coal-fired boilers. Many scholars have studied mercury content of coal and mercury emission control technology of coal-fired boilers. At present, the theory of mercury conversion law in flue gas of coal-fired boiler has been basically mature. Under the condition of clearly understanding the transformation law, domestic and foreign scholars have not only studied the removal efficiency of mercury from existing pollutant control units. Many practical techniques of mercury removal have also been developed, and the related contents have been analyzed in this paper. Based on the research results of mercury removal technology of domestic and foreign scholars, and from the point of view of guiding the design and calculation of mercury removal from coal-fired boilers, this paper focuses on the analysis and study of mercury removal efficiency of pollutants control units commonly used in coal-fired boilers. The data of mercury quality balance in 16 power plants are collected and sorted. The results show that the denitrification unit can not remove mercury from the flue gas of coal-fired boiler, but can improve the removal efficiency of mercury from the flue gas of coal-fired boiler and desulphurization unit. The mercury removal efficiency of bag dust collector is higher than that of electric precipitator, and the mercury removal efficiency of circulating fluidized bed boiler is higher than that of pulverized coal boiler. According to the research results, the recommended table for mercury removal efficiency of commonly used pollutant control devices in the design and calculation of coal-fired boilers is presented. In order to further guide the design and calculation of mercury removal from coal-fired boilers, the calculation formula of mercury removal efficiency of coal-fired boilers is studied in this paper, and six power plants are selected to analyze the mercury removal efficiency according to the mercury emission limit standard of China. The research shows that the existing pollutant units can basically ensure that the removal efficiency of mercury is controlled within the limits required by the Chinese national standards, and for coal-fired boilers with high mercury content in coal in the Yungui area of China, the removal efficiency of mercury can be controlled within the limits required by the Chinese national standards. When the mercury removal efficiency of the pollutant control unit reaches 90 ~ 95, the mercury emission value of most coal-fired boilers can be controlled to reach the national standard limit. Combined with the ideal gas theory, this paper also analyzes the actual influence of mercury on the flue gas volume of coal-fired boilers. It is concluded that the influence of mercury on the flue gas volume is very small and can be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TK229.6

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本文編號：2237546