【摘要】：隨著生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展,能源消耗的增加,工業(yè)鍋爐在燃燒煤種時產(chǎn)生的二氧化硫會混雜在煙氣中。二氧化硫的生成會引發(fā)溫室效應、酸化水質(zhì)和土壤,嚴重的還會影響動植物的正常生活。為了減少二氧化硫?qū)Νh(huán)境的不利影響,各國開始對脫硫技術(shù)展開研究,并逐步推廣到大型鍋爐的煙氣處理系統(tǒng)中。我國95%以上的鍋爐為中小型工業(yè)鍋爐,具有資金和技術(shù)力量薄弱的特點,難以承擔價格高昂的大型煙氣脫硫系統(tǒng)的安裝和運行費用。因此,設計一種針對工業(yè)鍋爐的快裝式脫硫塔的意義尤為重大。通過分析目前常用的煙氣脫硫工藝,對比各種脫硫工藝的利弊,選出了能夠適應現(xiàn)在高排放要求的濕法煙氣脫硫技術(shù),并以目前應用最廣泛的石灰石濕法煙氣脫硫工藝為例,利用雙膜理論以及電離方程分析影響該工藝脫硫效率的因素。為了促進氣液混合傳質(zhì)過程,引入旋流霧化噴射技術(shù),結(jié)合普通噴淋雙重吸收的模式,可以在提高吸收效率的同時降低脫硫液氣比。控制漿液p H值為5.4左右,漿液中石膏過飽和度在120%至130%時,既能夠保證吸收效果,又能提高石膏品質(zhì)。以廣東某75t/h的工業(yè)鍋爐石灰石濕法煙氣脫硫塔設計為例,根據(jù)煤質(zhì)、鍋爐容量、煙氣、吸收劑等參數(shù),利用硫元素平衡計算吸收系統(tǒng)的吸收劑消耗量、石膏生成量、循環(huán)漿液量、氧化風量等設計參數(shù)。根據(jù)計算出的參數(shù)設計出了適用于75t/h鍋爐用的吸收塔,并針對吸收系統(tǒng)進行優(yōu)化。設計吸收塔漿液池直徑為5.0m,漿液池設計工作液位為6.1m;吸收區(qū)上部設計三層普通噴淋層,相鄰兩層設計交錯夾角為15°;吸收區(qū)下部設計兩層旋流霧化噴射層,相鄰兩層設計交錯夾角為45°。其中旋流霧化噴射層設計切圓直徑為1700mm,切圓高度位于霧化器中心下方200mm至500mm處。通過在某電廠和某工業(yè)鍋爐脫硫塔改造工程的測試數(shù)據(jù)中,三層普通噴淋層下方新增一層旋流霧化層可以提高2%至4%的吸收效率,因此設計兩層旋流霧化噴射層與三層普通噴淋層的吸收區(qū)組合可以滿足脫硫效率98.9%的設計要求。采用該吸收塔處理煙氣,每年可減少SO2的排放超過200噸,減排經(jīng)濟效益超過30萬元。
[Abstract]:With the development of productivity and the increase of energy consumption, sulfur dioxide produced by industrial boilers when burning coal will be mixed in flue gas. The formation of sulfur dioxide triggers Greenhouse Effect, acidification of water and soil, and a serious impact on plant and animal life. In order to reduce the adverse impact of sulfur dioxide on the environment, various countries began to study desulfurization technology, and gradually extended to the flue gas treatment system of large boilers. More than 95% of the boilers in our country are small and medium-sized industrial boilers, which have the characteristics of weak capital and technical strength, so it is difficult to bear the high cost of installation and operation of large-scale flue gas desulfurization system. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a fast-mounted desulfurizer for industrial boilers. By analyzing the commonly used flue gas desulfurization technology and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various desulphurization processes, the wet flue gas desulfurization technology which can meet the needs of high emission is selected, and the most widely used limestone wet flue gas desulfurization technology is taken as an example. The factors influencing the desulfurization efficiency of the process were analyzed by using the double film theory and the ionization equation. In order to promote the gas-liquid mixed mass transfer process, the swirl atomization and injection technology, combined with the dual absorption mode of common spray, can increase the absorption efficiency and reduce the desulfurization liquid gas ratio at the same time. When the pH value of the slurry is about 5.4 and the supersaturation of gypsum in the slurry is between 120% and 130%, it can not only guarantee the absorption effect but also improve the gypsum quality. Taking the design of limestone wet flue gas desulfurization tower of an industrial boiler in Guangdong province as an example, according to the parameters of coal quality, boiler capacity, flue gas, absorbent and so on, the absorbent consumption and gypsum production amount of absorption system are calculated by using sulfur element balance. Design parameters such as circulating slurry volume, oxidizing air volume, etc. According to the calculated parameters, the absorber suitable for 75t/h boiler is designed, and the absorption system is optimized. The diameter of the slurry pool of the absorption tower is 5.0 m, the working level of the slurry tank is 6.1 m, the upper part of the absorption zone is designed with three layers of common spray layer with a staggered angle of 15 擄between the adjacent two layers, and the lower part of the absorption zone is designed with two layers of swirl atomization spray layer. The intersecting angle of the adjacent two layers is 45 擄. The swirl atomization spray layer is designed to have a tangential diameter of 1 700 mm and the height of the tangent circle lies below the center of the atomizer from 200mm to 500mm. In the test data of the retrofitting project of desulfurization tower of a power plant and an industrial boiler, the absorption efficiency of 2% to 4% can be improved by adding a new layer of swirl atomization layer below the three-layer common spray layer. Therefore, the design of two-layer swirl atomization spray layer and three-layer common spray layer absorption zone combination can meet the design requirements of 98.9% desulphurization efficiency. The SO2 emission can be reduced by more than 200 tons per year and the economic benefit of emission reduction is more than 300000 yuan by using the absorber to treat the flue gas.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TK229

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