葉片復(fù)雜曲面原位測量關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-04 19:44
【摘要】：葉片作為發(fā)動機中的關(guān)鍵零部件已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于航天、航海、汽車等重要領(lǐng)域,它的設(shè)計水平與制造質(zhì)量直接影響發(fā)動機的可靠性,甚至整機的性能。葉片型面為復(fù)雜自由曲面,加工制造難度大,現(xiàn)有加工設(shè)備和技術(shù)存在加工環(huán)節(jié)脫節(jié)、測量與加工分離等問題,難以實現(xiàn)葉片的高效率和高質(zhì)量制造。針對上述問題,研究葉片復(fù)雜曲面制造關(guān)鍵技術(shù),研發(fā)葉片原位測量系統(tǒng),對提升葉片的制造水平和生產(chǎn)效率具有重要的實踐應(yīng)用價值。依靠自主研發(fā)的葉片制造樣機,搭建葉片原位測量系統(tǒng),在原位測量系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計研發(fā)、控制軟件開發(fā)、測量軌跡優(yōu)化、測量數(shù)據(jù)點處理等方面開展一系列創(chuàng)新性的研究。所搭建原位測量系統(tǒng)的特色在于:在不改變?nèi)~片裝夾位置的前提下,完成葉片復(fù)雜曲面表面數(shù)據(jù)信息的采集,減少加工定位誤差。提出新的葉片復(fù)雜曲面測量方式和特征點提取技術(shù),提高測量效率,實現(xiàn)葉片加工過程中高效率和高精度的辯證統(tǒng)一�；谒罱ㄔ粶y量系統(tǒng)開展葉片快速測量的相關(guān)實驗研究。分析葉片復(fù)雜曲面的傳統(tǒng)測量方法,根據(jù)葉片截面線具有很強相似性的特點,提出截面線測量軌跡優(yōu)化方法。對葉片的頂部截面線和根部截面線進行精確識別,規(guī)劃葉片頂部、中部和根部截面線位置;通過分析截面線幾何敏感點和最大撓度點位置,規(guī)劃葉片軸流方向測量線。將Hausdorff距離作為誤差評判標準,不斷刪除軸流方向測量線上的測量點個數(shù),直到每條測量線上具有相同的測量點個數(shù),由此確定出所需測量的截面線條數(shù)。對所規(guī)劃的葉片截面線測量軌跡進行實驗驗證,對其有效性進行評估。提出兩種不同的特征點提取算法—B樣條曲線逼近算法和切線多邊形逼近算法。B樣條曲線逼近算法選取了能夠體現(xiàn)截面線整體輪廓的基本特征點,并根據(jù)改進的Hausdorff距離計算方法實現(xiàn)迭代,提高算法效率。切線多邊形逼近算法根據(jù)不同曲線段包含不同曲線信息的概念,選取了可變誤差閾值進行特征點提取,有效的保留曲線的細節(jié)特征。通過不同算法對比分析、數(shù)值算例仿真分析和相關(guān)測量實驗研究,驗證算法的有效性。研究基于特征點的葉片曲面重構(gòu)方法,從保留葉片原始設(shè)計信息的角度出發(fā),遵循由線到面的重構(gòu)思路,實現(xiàn)葉片截面線分段擬合與拼接,提出特征點配對算法實現(xiàn)曲面參數(shù)網(wǎng)格重構(gòu)。利用模型對比和斑馬映射分別分析重構(gòu)模型的誤差分布、光順性和連續(xù)性。通過算法對比、算例分析和實驗分析檢驗算法的有效性和實用性。理論及實驗研究結(jié)果表明:所搭建的原位測量系統(tǒng)性能穩(wěn)定,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)葉片的原位測量。所優(yōu)化的葉片截面線測量軌跡分布合理,能夠良好、快速地實現(xiàn)葉片整體表面掃略測量。所提出的葉片截面線特征點提取算法—B樣條曲線逼近算法和切線多邊形逼近算法,具有良好的適用性。切線多邊形逼近算法所提取特征點能夠準確表示任何加工階段的葉片截面線輪廓,滿足葉片從毛坯到成品的加工余量計算以及加工質(zhì)量檢測。B樣條曲線逼近算法結(jié)果更適用于對葉片成品合格率的檢測,較少的特征點數(shù)目能夠大大提高檢測效率�；谔卣鼽c的B樣條曲面重構(gòu)算法,最大程度的保留了葉片的設(shè)計信息,其重構(gòu)結(jié)果在曲面連續(xù)性、光順性和逼近精度上都有良好表現(xiàn)。所提出的原位快速測量與曲面重構(gòu)方法為實現(xiàn)葉片的高效、精確加工提供了新的技術(shù)參考和解決辦法。
[Abstract]:As the key parts of the engine, blade has been widely used in the important fields such as space, navigation and automobile. Its design level and manufacturing quality directly affect the reliability of the engine, even the performance of the whole machine. The blade surface is a complex free-form surface, it is difficult to process and manufacture, and the existing processing equipment and technology are disjointed and measured. It is difficult to realize the high efficiency and high quality of the blade. In view of the above problems, the key technology of the manufacturing of the blade complex surface is studied. The research and development of the blade in situ measurement system is of important practical value to the level and efficiency of the blade. A series of innovative research on the hardware design and development of the in-situ measurement system, the development of the control software, the optimization of the trajectory and the processing of the data points are carried out. The characteristics of the built in situ measurement system are that the data of the surface of the complex surface of the blade is completed without changing the position of the blade clamping. Collecting and reducing the error of machining location. A new method of measuring the complex surface of blade and feature point extraction is put forward to improve the measurement efficiency and realize the dialectical unity of high efficiency and high precision in the process of blade processing. Based on the experimental research on the rapid measurement of the blade in the in-situ measurement system, the traditional measurement of the complex surface of the blade is analyzed. According to the strong similarity of the cross section line of the blade, the optimization method of cross section line measurement trajectory is proposed. The top section line and the section line of the root section are accurately identified and the section line position of the top, middle and root section of the blade is planned. The axial flow square of the blade is planned by analyzing the geometric sensitivity point of the section line and the position of the maximum deflection point. To the measuring line, the Hausdorff distance is used as the standard of error evaluation, and the number of measurement points on the axial direction measurement line is continuously deleted until the number of the same measuring points on each measuring line. Thus the number of cross section lines for the required measurement is determined. The measured trajectory of the section line of the blade is tested and its effectiveness is evaluated. Two different feature point extraction algorithms, the B spline curve approximation algorithm and the tangent polygon approximation algorithm.B spline curve approximation algorithm, are proposed to select the basic feature points that can reflect the overall profile of the cross section line, and the algorithm efficiency is improved by the improved Hausdorff distance calculation method. The tangent polygon approximation algorithm is the root of the algorithm. According to the concept of different curve segments including different curve information, the variable error threshold is selected to extract the feature points, and the details of the curves are preserved effectively. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by comparison and analysis of different algorithms, numerical example simulation analysis and correlation measurement experiments. The method of reconstructing the blade surface based on feature points is studied. In the view of preserving the original design information of the blade, following the line to surface reconstruction, the section line segmentation and splicing are realized, and the feature point matching algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the surface parameter grid. The error distribution, the smoothness and continuity of the reconstructed model are analyzed by the model contrast and the zebra mapping. The effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm are tested by the case analysis and experimental analysis. The theoretical and experimental results show that the built in situ measurement system is stable and can realize the in-situ measurement of the blade. The optimized blade cross-section line measurement trajectory is reasonable, and the blade overall surface sweeping measurement can be achieved well and quickly. The proposed blade is proposed. The feature point extraction algorithm of slice section line, B spline curve approximation algorithm and tangent polygon approximation algorithm, has good applicability. The feature points extracted from the tangent polygon approximation algorithm can accurately express the profile of the blade section line in any processing stage, and meet the machining allowance calculation of the blade from the blank to the finished product and the processing quality detection. The B spline curve approximation algorithm is more suitable for the test of the qualified rate of the finished blade. The number of fewer feature points can greatly improve the detection efficiency. The B spline surface reconstruction algorithm based on the feature points has retained the design information of the blade to the maximum extent, and its reconstruction results have good tables in surface continuity, smoothness and approximation accuracy. The proposed in-situ rapid measurement and surface reconstruction method provides a new technical reference and solution for high efficiency and accurate machining of blades.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TK403
本文編號：2164952
[Abstract]:As the key parts of the engine, blade has been widely used in the important fields such as space, navigation and automobile. Its design level and manufacturing quality directly affect the reliability of the engine, even the performance of the whole machine. The blade surface is a complex free-form surface, it is difficult to process and manufacture, and the existing processing equipment and technology are disjointed and measured. It is difficult to realize the high efficiency and high quality of the blade. In view of the above problems, the key technology of the manufacturing of the blade complex surface is studied. The research and development of the blade in situ measurement system is of important practical value to the level and efficiency of the blade. A series of innovative research on the hardware design and development of the in-situ measurement system, the development of the control software, the optimization of the trajectory and the processing of the data points are carried out. The characteristics of the built in situ measurement system are that the data of the surface of the complex surface of the blade is completed without changing the position of the blade clamping. Collecting and reducing the error of machining location. A new method of measuring the complex surface of blade and feature point extraction is put forward to improve the measurement efficiency and realize the dialectical unity of high efficiency and high precision in the process of blade processing. Based on the experimental research on the rapid measurement of the blade in the in-situ measurement system, the traditional measurement of the complex surface of the blade is analyzed. According to the strong similarity of the cross section line of the blade, the optimization method of cross section line measurement trajectory is proposed. The top section line and the section line of the root section are accurately identified and the section line position of the top, middle and root section of the blade is planned. The axial flow square of the blade is planned by analyzing the geometric sensitivity point of the section line and the position of the maximum deflection point. To the measuring line, the Hausdorff distance is used as the standard of error evaluation, and the number of measurement points on the axial direction measurement line is continuously deleted until the number of the same measuring points on each measuring line. Thus the number of cross section lines for the required measurement is determined. The measured trajectory of the section line of the blade is tested and its effectiveness is evaluated. Two different feature point extraction algorithms, the B spline curve approximation algorithm and the tangent polygon approximation algorithm.B spline curve approximation algorithm, are proposed to select the basic feature points that can reflect the overall profile of the cross section line, and the algorithm efficiency is improved by the improved Hausdorff distance calculation method. The tangent polygon approximation algorithm is the root of the algorithm. According to the concept of different curve segments including different curve information, the variable error threshold is selected to extract the feature points, and the details of the curves are preserved effectively. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by comparison and analysis of different algorithms, numerical example simulation analysis and correlation measurement experiments. The method of reconstructing the blade surface based on feature points is studied. In the view of preserving the original design information of the blade, following the line to surface reconstruction, the section line segmentation and splicing are realized, and the feature point matching algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the surface parameter grid. The error distribution, the smoothness and continuity of the reconstructed model are analyzed by the model contrast and the zebra mapping. The effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm are tested by the case analysis and experimental analysis. The theoretical and experimental results show that the built in situ measurement system is stable and can realize the in-situ measurement of the blade. The optimized blade cross-section line measurement trajectory is reasonable, and the blade overall surface sweeping measurement can be achieved well and quickly. The proposed blade is proposed. The feature point extraction algorithm of slice section line, B spline curve approximation algorithm and tangent polygon approximation algorithm, has good applicability. The feature points extracted from the tangent polygon approximation algorithm can accurately express the profile of the blade section line in any processing stage, and meet the machining allowance calculation of the blade from the blank to the finished product and the processing quality detection. The B spline curve approximation algorithm is more suitable for the test of the qualified rate of the finished blade. The number of fewer feature points can greatly improve the detection efficiency. The B spline surface reconstruction algorithm based on the feature points has retained the design information of the blade to the maximum extent, and its reconstruction results have good tables in surface continuity, smoothness and approximation accuracy. The proposed in-situ rapid measurement and surface reconstruction method provides a new technical reference and solution for high efficiency and accurate machining of blades.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TK403
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 劉佳;趙繼;楊旭;張良;;葉片截面線特征點的快速提取及其實驗研究[J];東北大學學報(自然科學版);2015年07期
2 李英明;李旭健;;兩條參數(shù)曲線間的Hausdorff距離的研究[J];華中師范大學學報(自然科學版);2012年03期
3 藺小軍;單晨偉;王增強;史耀耀;;航空發(fā)動機葉片型面三坐標測量機測量技術(shù)[J];計算機集成制造系統(tǒng);2012年01期
4 張蓉生;張偉華;馬凌騰;米紫昊;;基于曲率及誤差分布的點云逼近曲線優(yōu)化算法[J];計算機集成制造系統(tǒng);2011年05期
5 魏桂爽;張效棟;房豐洲;胡小唐;;基于超精密機床的光學自由曲面原位測量方法[J];光學技術(shù);2010年06期
6 趙世田;趙東標;付瑩瑩;;測量數(shù)據(jù)點的高精度B樣條曲線擬合算法[J];計算機集成制造系統(tǒng);2010年08期
7 陸佳艷;熊昌友;何小妹;馬驪群;蔡薇;;航空發(fā)動機葉片型面測量方法評述[J];計測技術(shù);2009年03期
8 劉德平;陳建軍;;逆向工程中數(shù)據(jù)精簡技術(shù)的研究[J];西安電子科技大學學報;2008年02期
9 鄭軍;劉正文;馬兆瑞;潘際鑾;;基于最小誤差逼近的輪廓特征點提取[J];清華大學學報(自然科學版);2008年02期
10 周紅梅;王燕銘;劉志剛;盧秉恒;;基于最少控制點的非均勻有理B樣條曲線擬合[J];西安交通大學學報;2008年01期
相關(guān)博士學位論文 前4條
1 牟魯西;復(fù)雜曲面零件在機測量關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與應(yīng)用[D];華中科技大學;2012年
2 樂英;基于NURBS曲面的汽輪機葉片重構(gòu)及插補算法的應(yīng)用研究[D];華北電力大學;2011年
3 孟凡文;面向光柵投影的點云預(yù)處理與曲面重構(gòu)技術(shù)研究[D];南昌大學;2010年
4 徐正揚;發(fā)動機葉片精密電解加工關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究[D];南京航空航天大學;2008年
相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前7條
1 劉繼明;葉片型面測量技術(shù)研究及其誤差分析[D];吉林大學;2015年
2 劉歡;葉片砂帶恒力磨拋工具系統(tǒng)研究[D];吉林大學;2015年
3 劉海忠;串并混聯(lián)葉片磨拋機床整機性能分析[D];吉林大學;2015年
4 潘金川;整體葉輪的CMM測量規(guī)劃與仿真技術(shù)研究[D];南京航空航天大學;2014年
5 劉玉娟;航空發(fā)動機葉片制造技術(shù)研究[D];蘭州理工大學;2009年
6 溫銀放;數(shù)據(jù)點云預(yù)處理及特征角點檢測算法研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學;2007年
7 陳福興;基于UG葉片型面測量分析技術(shù)的研究[D];江南大學;2006年
，本文編號：2164952
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/dongligc/2164952.html
最近更新
教材專著
