本文選題：旋流燃燒 + 油霧燃燒��； 參考：《清華大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在能源動力系統(tǒng)中,旋流燃燒有著廣泛的應用。旋流能穩(wěn)定火焰,促進燃料和空氣混合,達到提高燃燒效率、減少污染排放的目的。因此,研究旋流燃燒的燃燒特性無論對基礎研究還是技術開發(fā)都具有重要意義。本文以車載加熱器和燃氣輪機燃燒室為研究對象,以數(shù)值計算為主,結合實驗,研究了旋流燃燒時旋流特征參數(shù)和旋流噴嘴結構對流場結構、液滴蒸發(fā)和燃燒特性的影響。以車載燃燒器為研究對象,首先利用實驗研究了霧化壓力對于霧化穩(wěn)定性、液滴尺寸、霧化角、燃料流量的影響,在實驗基礎上選擇合適的霧化壓力進行了冷態(tài)和熱態(tài)的實驗研究,觀察液滴的運動摻混和火焰的形態(tài)特征。接著在實驗工況下,對油霧旋流燃燒的過程進行了數(shù)值計算,并與實驗結果對照討論。結果表明:旋流流場的結構主要可以分為中心回流區(qū)和兩層螺旋渦結構,隨著旋流數(shù)的增加,內(nèi)層渦旋的強度增加,外層渦旋的強度降低。旋流數(shù)的增加還能促進液滴的擴散、蒸發(fā)以及液滴和空氣摻混,使得燃燒室上游燃料濃度增加,燃燒效率提高。隨著雷諾數(shù)的增加,中心回流區(qū)增加,火焰長度變短。以燃氣輪機燃燒室為研究對象,首先歸納整理了IGCC燃燒室的試運數(shù)據(jù)和實際參數(shù),在此基礎上對IGCC燃燒室進行了建模,并針對合成氣的旋流燃燒做了數(shù)值計算,研究當量比、葉片旋向、開孔數(shù)目等條件和旋流噴嘴參數(shù)對燃燒特性、污染排放的影響。結果表明:隨著燃料當量比的增加,燃燒室出口溫度增加,中心回流區(qū)向下游移動;當旋流葉片異向布置時,中心回流區(qū)減小,但氣流的剪切力增強;孔的布置使得合成氣和燃料提前混合,火焰長度變短,但可能會導致噴嘴燒蝕;二次風的稀釋能有效降低燃燒室出口溫度,降低NOx的排放。本文工作為進一步研究旋流對于燃油、燃氣燃燒的影響,優(yōu)化旋流燃燒器結構,提高其燃燒效率和減少排放提供了支持。
[Abstract]:Swirl combustion is widely used in energy power system. Swirl can stabilize flame, promote fuel and air mixing, improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollution emission. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the combustion characteristics of swirl combustion for both basic research and technology development. In this paper, taking the on-board heater and gas turbine combustor as the object of study, the effects of swirl characteristic parameters on swirl combustion and the structure of swirl nozzle, droplet evaporation and combustion characteristics are studied in combination with numerical calculation. Firstly, the influence of atomization pressure on atomization stability, droplet size, atomization angle and fuel flow rate was studied by experiments. On the basis of the experiments, the cold and hot states of the droplets were studied by choosing the proper atomization pressure, and the motion and mixing of the droplets and the morphology of the flame were observed. Then, the process of swirl combustion of oil mist is numerically calculated under the experimental conditions, and the results are compared with the experimental results. The results show that the structure of the swirl flow field can be divided into the central reflux region and the two-layer spiral vortex structure. With the increase of the swirl number, the intensity of the inner vortex increases, and the intensity of the outer vortex decreases. The increase of swirl number can also promote the diffusion, evaporation and mixing of droplets and air, thus increasing the fuel concentration and combustion efficiency in the upstream of the combustor. With the increase of Reynolds number, the central reflux region increases and the flame length becomes shorter. Taking the gas turbine combustor as the research object, the trial operation data and actual parameters of the IGCC combustor are summarized and collated at first. On the basis of this, the IGCC combustion chamber is modeled, and the swirl combustion of syngas is numerically calculated, and the equivalent ratio is studied. Effects of blade rotation, number of holes and swirl nozzle parameters on combustion characteristics and pollution discharge. The results show that with the increase of the fuel equivalent ratio, the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber increases, the central reflux zone moves downstream, and when the swirl blade is arranged in the opposite direction, the central return zone decreases, but the shear force of the gas flow increases. Because of the early mixing of syngas and fuel, the flame length becomes shorter, but it may lead to nozzle ablation. The dilution of secondary air can effectively reduce the outlet temperature of combustion chamber and the emission of no _ x. This work provides support for further research on the effect of swirl on fuel and gas combustion, optimization of swirl burner structure, improvement of combustion efficiency and reduction of emissions.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TK16

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