本文選題：濾清器 + 計(jì)算機(jī)模擬��； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：濾清器外殼是由厚度僅為0.8mm鋼板經(jīng)多次拉深成形而成,拉深變形程度大,外殼內(nèi)直徑為φ107mmm,外殼總高度為320mmm,長(zhǎng)徑比高達(dá)3,這對(duì)濾清器外殼的拉深成形存在著極大的挑戰(zhàn)。一次成形由于長(zhǎng)徑比大極易拉裂,雖然多道次的拉深工藝在一定程度上改善了拉裂現(xiàn)象,但是由于每道次之間的模具內(nèi)徑不同,會(huì)導(dǎo)致材料在法蘭附近堆積起皺,進(jìn)而使得外殼各處的壁厚分布不一,且容易生產(chǎn)殘余應(yīng)力,在高強(qiáng)度、高頻率、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的循環(huán)脈沖應(yīng)力作用下外殼容易生產(chǎn)局部疲勞最終導(dǎo)致開(kāi)裂。為此,本文的主要研究工作如下：(1)針對(duì)目前長(zhǎng)壽命機(jī)油濾清器外殼零部件無(wú)法滿足高強(qiáng)度、高脈沖次數(shù)的脈沖疲勞試驗(yàn)要求,對(duì)脈沖疲勞試驗(yàn)開(kāi)裂有缺陷的外殼零部件開(kāi)裂面取樣進(jìn)行化學(xué)成分分析和電鏡分析并采用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程(CAE)有限元法對(duì)工件原有成形過(guò)程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,分析結(jié)果表明：斷口處的化學(xué)成分符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,斷口形貌有明顯的疲勞裂紋特征,呈現(xiàn)海灘花樣,原拉深工藝存在嚴(yán)重減薄與起皺等缺陷。因此,不合理的拉深工藝是導(dǎo)致外殼無(wú)法達(dá)到脈沖疲勞試驗(yàn)要求的主要原因。(2)鑒于濾清器壁薄與長(zhǎng)徑比大等特點(diǎn),擬采用外殼圓片料落料一第一次拉深一第二次拉伸一第三次拉深一第四次拉深(反拉深)一切邊整形的工藝路線,通過(guò)重新計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)各道工序的拉深工藝,并將初始設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行計(jì)算機(jī)有限元分析,根據(jù)模擬的結(jié)果有目的地對(duì)各道工序的拉深系數(shù),凸凹模具間隙,凸凹模圓角,壓邊力等參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。優(yōu)化后的具體參數(shù)為：圓形毛坯直徑為387mm,第一次拉深工件直徑為220mm,第二次拉深直徑170mm,第三次拉深直徑135mm,第四次拉深直徑109.8mm；四道拉深工序凹模圓角依次分別為R9, R7, R4, R4;四道拉深工序壓邊力依次分別為197KN,31KN,18KN,11KN;優(yōu)化后的模具在各道次拉深過(guò)程中均沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)拉裂現(xiàn)象,工件成形較好。最終外殼拉深件殼體厚度最薄處出現(xiàn)在筒形件圓角及直壁部位,材料變薄至0.652mm,最大變薄率僅為18.5%；輕微起皺現(xiàn)象只發(fā)生在拉深件的法蘭圓角處,材料最厚處的厚度為0.893mm,增厚率達(dá)11.6%。(3)為了充分驗(yàn)證優(yōu)化后的模具結(jié)構(gòu)與工藝參數(shù)的合理性,先后對(duì)各道次的拉深模具進(jìn)行了重新制作并進(jìn)行外殼件生產(chǎn),還對(duì)優(yōu)化拉深工藝所制作出來(lái)的工件進(jìn)行脈沖疲勞試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明：優(yōu)化拉深工藝所制作出來(lái)的工件順利通過(guò)了濾清器的脈沖疲勞試驗(yàn),基于三維板料成形軟件DYNAFORM所優(yōu)化后的模具結(jié)構(gòu)與工藝參數(shù)是合理的,各道次的拉深模具關(guān)鍵零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、材料的選擇、表面處理方式及模具使用保養(yǎng)均是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?br/>[Abstract]:The filter shell is formed by the thickness only of 0.8mm steel plate through deep drawing, the deep drawing deformation degree is large, the inner diameter of the shell is 107mmm, the total height of the shell is 320mmm, the length diameter ratio is up to 3, which has great challenge to the deep forming of the filter shell. To a certain extent, the cracking phenomenon has been improved to a certain extent, but due to the different inner diameter of each die, the material will accumulate in the vicinity of the flange, and then the thickness of the wall is distributed differently and the residual stress is easily produced. It is easy to produce local fatigue under the action of high intensity, high frequency and long time cyclic pulse stress. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) the chemical composition analysis and electron microscope analysis of the crack surface sampling of the shell parts with defects in the pulse fatigue test are carried out according to the requirements of the high pulse fatigue test which is unable to meet the high strength and high pulse times of the long life oil filter shell parts. The finite element method of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) is used to simulate the original forming process of the workpiece. The analysis results show that the chemical composition of the fracture is in accordance with the standard requirements, the fracture morphology has obvious fatigue crack characteristics, the appearance of the beach is presented, the original drawing process has serious defects such as thinning and wrinkling. Therefore, the unreasonable drawing process is the guide. The main reason why the shell is unable to meet the requirements of the pulse fatigue test. (2) in view of the characteristics of the thin wall of the filter and the large ratio of length to diameter, it is proposed that the drawing of the first time drawing, a first drawing, a second drawing, a third drawing, a deep drawing, and a deep drawing (reverse drawing), is used to design the drawing of each process by recalculating. The initial design scheme is analyzed by computer finite element method. According to the simulation results, the drawing coefficient, the gap of the die and the die, the corner of the die and the die and the pressing force are optimized. The parameters of the optimization are as follows: the diameter of the circular blank is 387mm, the first drawing workpiece is 220mm, and the second secondary drawing is drawn. Deep diameter 170mm, third deep drawing diameter 135mm, fourth drawing diameter 109.8mm; four deep drawing process concave die round angle are respectively R9, R7, R4, R4; four way drawing process is respectively 197KN, 31KN, 18KN, 11KN; the optimized mold in the various channels deep over Cheng Zhongjun did not appear crack phenomenon, the workpiece is better formed. The final outside forming. The final out of shape. The thinnest shell of the shell of the shell appears in the corner of the cylindrical part and the straight wall, and the material thinning to 0.652mm, the maximum thinning rate is only 18.5%. The slight wrinkling occurs only at the flange circle of the drawing parts, the thickness of the material is 0.893mm, the thickening rate is 11.6%. (3), which is fully verified the optimized die structure and technological parameters. It is reasonable that the drawing dies are reproduced and the shell parts are produced successively. The pulse fatigue test of the workpiece made by the optimized drawing process is also carried out. The results show that the workpiece made by the optimized drawing process has passed the pulse fatigue test of the filter successfully, based on the three-dimensional sheet forming software DYNA. The structure and process parameters of FORM are reasonable. The structure design of the key parts of the drawing die, the selection of material, the surface treatment and the maintenance of the mould are all appropriate.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TK423

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