本文選題：柴油機(jī) + 進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)自1892年問世以來(lái)經(jīng)歷了一百多年的變化發(fā)展,現(xiàn)在已廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車、工程機(jī)械以及船舶當(dāng)中。由于柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工作流程是先吸入新鮮空氣,然后在燃燒室內(nèi)與柴油充分燃燒產(chǎn)生能量,最后再排出高溫廢氣,所以其進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)柴油機(jī)的性能有直接作用。隨著柴油機(jī)產(chǎn)品的更新速度的加快和使用要求的提高,傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法已不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代柴油機(jī)的開發(fā)需要。應(yīng)用基于計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)的新型設(shè)計(jì)方法,不僅能快速對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象進(jìn)行評(píng)估,而且能大大減少重復(fù)性試驗(yàn)的工作量,降低開發(fā)成本,縮短開發(fā)周期。因此,利用計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的方法已經(jīng)成為柴油機(jī)開發(fā)的新主流設(shè)計(jì)方法。本文針對(duì)所研究的全柴490柴油機(jī),搭建發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),進(jìn)行了不同工況下的臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),測(cè)量得出各個(gè)工況下的性能參數(shù)。應(yīng)用一維非定常流體力學(xué)理論,在仿真軟件GT-Power中建立發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的數(shù)值仿真模型,通過(guò)各個(gè)穩(wěn)態(tài)工況下仿真得出的數(shù)據(jù)與臺(tái)架數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,驗(yàn)證模型的正確性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)的三維模型進(jìn)行離散化,在模型中通過(guò)改變進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)的各項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),包括進(jìn)氣總管長(zhǎng)度、諧振腔容積、進(jìn)氣歧管長(zhǎng)度和直徑、排氣歧管長(zhǎng)度和直徑以及進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)的布置形式,研究分析其對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能,如功率、扭矩、油耗、進(jìn)氣流量、排氣壓力和排氣溫度的影響。以進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為試驗(yàn)因子,利用試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)(Design of Experiment,DOE)方法,得出一系列性能參數(shù)作為試驗(yàn)響應(yīng),擬合二階模型響應(yīng)面,并以功率和扭矩最大,油耗率最少為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),利用遺傳算法進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化。通過(guò)原始參數(shù)與取整后的優(yōu)化參數(shù)的輸出性能對(duì)比,可知功率和扭矩有所提升,同時(shí)油耗有所降低。在得到優(yōu)化參數(shù)后,對(duì)進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行三維建模,同時(shí)利用Fluent軟件進(jìn)行流場(chǎng)仿真分析,對(duì)分析結(jié)果提出進(jìn)一步的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化意見,得出最終的進(jìn)排氣結(jié)構(gòu)及三維模型。
[Abstract]:Diesel engine has been developed for more than 100 years since it came out in 1892. Now it has been widely used in automobile, construction machinery and ship. The design of diesel engine intake and exhaust system plays a direct role in the performance of diesel engine because the working process of diesel engine is first to inhale fresh air, then to produce energy in the combustion chamber and diesel fuel, and finally to exhaust the high temperature exhaust gas. With the development of diesel engine, the traditional design method can not meet the needs of modern diesel engine development. The new design method based on computer simulation technology can not only evaluate the design object quickly, but also greatly reduce the workload of repeated experiments, reduce the development cost and shorten the development period. Therefore, the method of numerical simulation and optimization design using computer has become a new mainstream design method for diesel engine development. In this paper, an engine bench test platform is set up for the study of all kinds of diesel engines, and the performance parameters under different working conditions are measured. Based on the theory of one-dimensional unsteady fluid dynamics, the numerical simulation model of engine is established in the simulation software GT-Power. The validity of the model is verified by comparing and analyzing the data obtained from the simulation under various steady conditions and the bench data. On this basis, the three-dimensional model of intake and exhaust system is discretized. In the model, various structural parameters of intake and exhaust system are changed, including intake manifold length, resonant cavity volume, intake manifold length and diameter. The length and diameter of exhaust manifold and the layout of intake and exhaust system are studied and analyzed. The effects on engine performance, such as power, torque, fuel consumption, intake flow rate, exhaust pressure and exhaust temperature, are studied. Taking the structural parameters of the intake and exhaust system as the experimental factors and using the design of experimental design of experimental design method, a series of performance parameters are obtained as the experimental response, fitting the second-order model response surface, and the maximum power and torque are obtained. The minimum fuel consumption rate is the objective of optimization, and genetic algorithm is used for multi-objective optimization. By comparing the output performance of the original parameters with the optimized parameters after rounding, the power and torque are improved and the fuel consumption is reduced. After the optimization parameters are obtained, the three-dimensional model of the intake and exhaust system is built, and the flow field simulation analysis is carried out by using Fluent software. Further structural optimization suggestions are put forward to obtain the final intake and exhaust structure and three-dimensional model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TK423

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