本文選題：增壓鍋爐　切入點：汽包　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：汽包是增壓鍋爐最大的高溫厚壁承壓部件,在鍋爐啟、停過程及變負(fù)荷運行時汽包的溫度與應(yīng)力變化劇烈,頻繁的應(yīng)力變化將引起疲勞壽命損耗。因此開發(fā)增壓鍋爐汽包在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),用于實時監(jiān)測汽包溫度與應(yīng)力分布,對鍋爐安全經(jīng)濟運行具有重要意義。如何在提高汽包溫度場和應(yīng)力場計算精度的同時又能保證較高的計算效率,是增壓鍋爐汽包在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)研究的關(guān)鍵。針對增壓鍋爐汽包外壁受熱的特點,提出了基于導(dǎo)熱正反問題耦合解法的汽包瞬態(tài)溫度場計算方法,通過編程求得整個汽包截面的溫度場;然后在此基礎(chǔ)上運用有限元方法,按照平面應(yīng)變問題對汽包截面的瞬態(tài)理論應(yīng)力進行求解分析。為了校驗程序的計算精度,采用Ansys對某增壓鍋爐一次冷態(tài)啟動過程汽包三維瞬態(tài)溫度場與應(yīng)力場進行了數(shù)值模擬,同時計算了二維瞬態(tài)理論應(yīng)力。結(jié)合實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行溫度場對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)耦合解法對復(fù)雜邊界條件具有較強的適應(yīng)性。通過三維應(yīng)力與理論應(yīng)力的對比,計算相應(yīng)的應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)對二維有限元程序計算應(yīng)力進行修正,能夠快速精確的得到汽包的應(yīng)力分布。根據(jù)應(yīng)力模擬結(jié)果,基于雨流計數(shù)法,采用Miner線性累加損傷原理,計算汽包的壽命損耗,同時對汽包筒體與下降管連接處進行了應(yīng)力強度校核。最終開發(fā)了一套增壓鍋爐汽包在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),指導(dǎo)鍋爐安全經(jīng)濟運行。
[Abstract]:The steam drum is the largest high-temperature and thick-wall pressure-bearing part of the supercharged boiler. The temperature and stress of the drum vary sharply during the boiler start and stop and variable load operation. Frequent stress changes will cause fatigue life loss.Therefore, it is of great significance for boiler safety and economic operation to develop an on-line monitoring system for turbocharged boiler drum, which can be used to monitor the temperature and stress distribution of boiler drum in real time.How to improve the accuracy of the temperature field and stress field of the steam drum and at the same time ensure the high calculation efficiency is the key to the research of the on-line monitoring system of the turbocharged boiler drum.In view of the heating characteristics of the outer wall of the turbocharged boiler drum, a method of calculating the transient temperature field of the drum based on the coupling solution of the heat conduction forward and negative problems is proposed. The temperature field of the whole drum section is obtained by programming, and then the finite element method is used to calculate the temperature field of the whole drum section.According to the plane strain problem, the transient theoretical stress of the drum section is solved and analyzed.In order to verify the calculation accuracy of the program, the three-dimensional transient temperature field and stress field of the steam drum during the primary cold start-up of a turbocharged boiler were numerically simulated by using Ansys, and the two-dimensional transient theoretical stress was calculated at the same time.By comparing the temperature field with the experimental data, it is found that the coupled method has a strong adaptability to complex boundary conditions.By comparing the three-dimensional stress with the theoretical stress, the stress distribution of the drum can be obtained quickly and accurately by calculating the corresponding stress concentration factor to modify the two-dimensional finite element program.Based on the results of stress simulation and the method of rain flow counting, the life loss of the drum is calculated by using the principle of Miner linear cumulative damage, and the stress intensity of the connection between the cylinder and the descending tube is checked.Finally, a turbocharged boiler drum online monitoring system is developed to guide the safe and economical operation of the boiler.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TK223.13

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