發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-04 05:03

  本文選題：換熱器　切入點(diǎn)：性能試驗(yàn)　出處：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：換熱器是使熱量從熱流體傳遞給冷流體的一種熱量交換設(shè)備,廣泛應(yīng)用于化工、石油、暖通、電子等工業(yè)部門,其產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量對(duì)能源利用率起著重要的作用。因此,為保證換熱器的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,需要專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)換熱器的性能進(jìn)行監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)。本文以甘肅藍(lán)科石化高新裝備股份有限公司的上海藍(lán)濱煉化設(shè)備實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)控系統(tǒng)為背景,在了解換熱器性能試驗(yàn)原理的基礎(chǔ)上,研究換熱器性能試驗(yàn)測(cè)控系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)以PLC為核心,采用工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)試驗(yàn)過(guò)程進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)信號(hào)的采集、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的控制以及不同試驗(yàn)工況的切換控制。工控機(jī)與PLC通過(guò)PROFIBUS實(shí)現(xiàn)通訊,實(shí)現(xiàn)換熱器試驗(yàn)過(guò)程的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控、參數(shù)設(shè)置以及數(shù)據(jù)處理等功能。換熱器性能試驗(yàn)的重點(diǎn)在于建立滿足一定溫度和流量條件的檢測(cè)工況。試驗(yàn)時(shí),設(shè)定換熱器試件冷熱側(cè)進(jìn)口介質(zhì)流量,控制試件冷熱側(cè)進(jìn)口溫度快速穩(wěn)定到檢測(cè)工況設(shè)定值,按照換熱器檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),采集相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)并存儲(chǔ);然后改變換熱器試件冷熱側(cè)進(jìn)口介質(zhì)流量,在溫度重新穩(wěn)定到設(shè)定值時(shí),繼續(xù)檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。最后根據(jù)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析計(jì)算總傳熱系數(shù)和流動(dòng)阻力,評(píng)價(jià)換熱器的總體性能。整個(gè)試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中,控制換熱器試件冷熱側(cè)進(jìn)口溫度快速穩(wěn)定是研究的關(guān)鍵。換熱器試件的冷熱側(cè)進(jìn)口溫度控制系統(tǒng)是大時(shí)滯、時(shí)變、多變量的非線性系統(tǒng),傳統(tǒng)的PID控制算法調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、控制精度低,很難實(shí)現(xiàn)冷熱側(cè)進(jìn)口溫度的快速穩(wěn)定控制。文章建立了換熱器試驗(yàn)過(guò)程的溫度控制模型,分析了PID控制算法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),研究了模糊控制算法,并結(jié)合模糊控制算法與PID控制算法,研究了模糊-PID控制算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了換熱器試驗(yàn)過(guò)程冷熱側(cè)進(jìn)口溫度的快速穩(wěn)定控制。通過(guò)MATLAB/Simulink建模、仿真,說(shuō)明了模糊-PID控制算法具有抑制超調(diào)、響應(yīng)速度快、調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間短、控制精度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可以滿足換熱器試驗(yàn)過(guò)程對(duì)冷熱側(cè)進(jìn)口溫度的控制要求。
[Abstract]:Heat exchanger is a kind of heat exchange equipment which can transfer heat from hot fluid to cold fluid. It is widely used in chemical, petroleum, HVAC, electronics and other industries. The product quality plays an important role in energy utilization.Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of heat exchangers, professional organizations are required to supervise the performance of heat exchangers.Based on the laboratory measurement and control system of Shanghai Lanbin Refinery equipment Co., Ltd., Gansu Lanke Petrochemical Co., Ltd., the performance test and control system of heat exchanger is studied on the basis of understanding the principle of heat exchanger performance test.The system takes PLC as the core and uses the industrial control computer to monitor and control the test process. The system realizes the collection of the field signal, the control of the executing mechanism and the switching control of different test conditions.The communication between IPC and PLC is realized through PROFIBUS, and the functions of real-time monitoring, parameter setting and data processing during heat exchanger test are realized.The key point of the performance test of heat exchanger is to establish the test condition satisfying certain temperature and flow rate.During the test, the inlet medium flow rate of the cold and hot side of the heat exchanger is set, the inlet temperature of the hot and cold side of the heat exchanger is controlled quickly to the set value of the testing condition, and the corresponding data are collected and stored according to the test standard of the heat exchanger;Then the flow rate of the inlet medium on the cold and hot side of the heat exchanger specimen is changed, and the detection data are continued when the temperature is stabilized to the set value.Finally, the total heat transfer coefficient and flow resistance are calculated according to the experimental data, and the overall performance of the heat exchanger is evaluated.During the whole test process, the key to the research is to control the inlet temperature of the heat exchanger.The inlet temperature control system of hot and cold side of heat exchanger is a nonlinear system with large time delay, time varying and multivariable. The traditional PID control algorithm has long adjusting time and low control precision, so it is difficult to realize fast and stable control of inlet temperature of cold and hot side.In this paper, the temperature control model of heat exchanger test process is established, the advantages and disadvantages of PID control algorithm are analyzed, the fuzzy control algorithm is studied, and the fuzzy pid control algorithm is studied by combining fuzzy control algorithm with PID control algorithm.The fast and stable control of inlet temperature of cold and hot side during heat exchanger test is realized.Through MATLAB/Simulink modeling and simulation, it is proved that the fuzzy pid control algorithm has the advantages of restraining overshoot, fast response speed, short adjusting time and high control precision. It can meet the control requirements of the inlet temperature of the cold and hot side during the heat exchanger test.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TK172;TP273

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本文編號(hào)：1708482