本文選題：有機朗肯循環(huán)　切入點：熱經濟性優(yōu)化　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：目前,日益增大的能源需求和嚴重的環(huán)境污染,迫切要求改變能源結構、節(jié)約利用傳統(tǒng)能源和優(yōu)化能源利用方式;同時,我國具有豐富的中低品位能源,如中低溫余熱能、太陽能和地熱能等。作為一項理論成熟的中低溫余熱回收技術,有機朗肯循環(huán)(Organic Rankine cycle,ORC)具有結構簡單,效率高和環(huán)境友好等優(yōu)點。因此,利用有機朗肯循環(huán)高效回收中低品位余熱,對提高我國的能源利用率和改善環(huán)境問題具有重要的意義�；跓崃W第一定律和第二定律,構建了ORC的熱力模型和經濟模型,研究了系統(tǒng)運行參數對系統(tǒng)熱力性能和經濟性能的敏感度,基于排序法下的最佳經濟性能,優(yōu)選了適用于中低溫熱源的工質。結果表明考慮最佳經濟性能的情況下,R11、R123和R245ca是比較適合于中低溫余熱的工質;綜合考慮系統(tǒng)凈輸出功、熱效率和?效率時,R142b和R114被認為在確保最佳經濟性能下的優(yōu)選工質。針對BORC(Basic organic Rankine cycle,BORC)和RORC(Regenerative organic rankine cycle,RORC)的熱力模型和經濟模型,研究了五種系統(tǒng)運行參數對兩種循環(huán)的?效率和LEC(Levelized energy cost,LEC)的影響,并進行了基于最大?效率和最小LEC的雙目標優(yōu)化研究,進一步開展了最大?效率、最大凈輸出功和最小LEC的三目標優(yōu)化研究。結果表明,改善系統(tǒng)熱力性能會導致系統(tǒng)經濟性能的惡化;通過對比雙目標與單目標優(yōu)化結果,發(fā)現較高的?效率和熱效率必定伴隨較低的凈輸出功和較差的經濟性能;而較高經濟性能可以保證較好的凈輸出功,然而?效率和熱效率較低;雙目標優(yōu)化的帕累托最優(yōu)解中和了熱力性能和經濟性能,因此,比較適合工程人員應用于工程決策問題。根據泡點溫度和冷凝露點溫度位置不同,提出了混合工質的四種工況,開展了四種工況的熱經濟性分析,并進一步對比了純工質和混合工質的熱經濟性。研究結果表明,相比于純工質,混合工質并不一定總是表現較好的熱力性能和經濟性能,主要取決于系統(tǒng)運行參數和混合工質質量分數;綜合考慮分別以最大?效率和最小LEC的單目標優(yōu)化結果,混合工質泡點溫度位于相變結束點,露點溫度位于相變起始點時,熱力性能和經濟性能最佳;對比混合工質和純工質的帕累托最優(yōu)解發(fā)現,相比于純工質,混合工質表現出較好的熱力學性能和幾近同等的經濟性能。建立了雙ORC的熱力模型,經濟模型和環(huán)境評價模型,研究了頂部循環(huán)的蒸發(fā)溫度,過熱度,窄點溫差,冷凝溫度,以及底部循環(huán)的蒸發(fā)溫度和冷凝溫度對系統(tǒng)性能的影響,討論了雙ORC循環(huán)基于熱力性能和經濟性能的帕累托最優(yōu)解,進一步探討了雙ORC循環(huán)熱力性能、經濟性能和環(huán)境性能的規(guī)律�；赥OPSIS工程決策法,分別得到了雙ORC熱經濟性雙目標優(yōu)化和熱環(huán)境三目標優(yōu)化的帕累托最優(yōu)解。基于3kW的中低溫有機朗肯循環(huán)發(fā)電系統(tǒng),實驗測量分析了質量流量,過熱度,膨脹機進口壓力和工質泵進口壓力對系統(tǒng)組件運行特性及系統(tǒng)性能的影響。研究了運行參數的敏感度,并通過修正工質泵和膨脹機的等熵效率和機械效率來對理論模型進行修正研究。實驗對比了混合工質和純工質的系統(tǒng)組件特性和性能。研究發(fā)現,質量流量的敏感度較大;修正模型比理論模型與實驗測量的偏差值減小了67-84%;實驗結果顯示,混合工質的熱效率和系統(tǒng)發(fā)電效率優(yōu)于純工質。
[Abstract]:At present, the increasing demand for energy and serious environmental pollution, urgent need to change the energy structure, the traditional way of using energy saving and optimization of energy; at the same time, China is rich in low grade energy, such as low temperature waste heat energy, solar energy and geothermal energy. As a theory of low temperature waste heat recovery technology is mature organic Rankine cycle (Organic, Rankine, cycle, ORC) has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and environmental friendly. Therefore, the use of organic Rankine cycle efficient recovery of low grade waste heat, it has important significance to improve China's energy utilization and environmental issues. The first and second laws of thermodynamics based on the construction of the heat the economic model and the model of ORC, studied the sensitivity of the system operation parameters on the thermal performance and the economic performance of the system, the best economic ranking method of based on optimized for The refrigerant in the low temperature heat source. The results show that considering the best economic performance in the case of R11, R123 and R245ca are more suitable for refrigerant in low temperature waste heat; considering the system net power output, thermal efficiency and efficiency, R142b? And R114 was considered in ensuring the best economic performance under the optimum medium. According to the BORC (Basic organic Rankine cycle, BORC) and RORC (Regenerative organic Rankine cycle, RORC) of the thermodynamic model and economic model, studied five kinds of system operation parameters on two cycle efficiency and LEC (Levelized energy? Cost, LEC) influence, and the study of double objective optimization based on maximum efficiency? And the minimum LEC, to carry out the maximum efficiency of three? Optimal maximum net power output and the minimum of LEC. The results show that the improved system thermal performance will deteriorate the system economic performance by double target; compared with the single objective optimization The results found that high? Efficiency and thermal efficiency must be accompanied by the economic performance of the net power output and poor low; and high economic performance can ensure that the net power output, better yet? Efficiency and low thermal efficiency; Pareto optimal solution and the thermal performance and economic performance, therefore, more suitable for Engineers used in engineering decision problem. According to the different bubble point temperature and condensation dew point position, put forward four kinds of conditions of mixed refrigerant, the thermal economic analysis of four conditions, and further compared with pure refrigerants and mixed refrigerant thermal economy. The results of the study show that, compared to pure. Matter, mixed refrigerant is not always better thermal performance and economic performance, mainly depends on the system parameters and the mixed refrigerant mass fraction; considering respectively with maximum efficiency and minimum? Single objective optimization LEC The mixed refrigerant bubble point temperature is located at the phase transition end point, the dew point temperature is located at the phase transition at the start point of thermodynamic performance and the best economic performance; comparison of mixed refrigerant and pure refrigerant Pareto optimal solution found that compared to the pure refrigerant, refrigerant mixture showed good thermodynamic and almost equal to economic performance. A thermodynamic model of double ORC, economic model and environment evaluation model of evaporation temperature, top cycle superheat, pinch point temperature, condensation temperature, evaporation temperature and condensation temperature and bottom cycle influence on system performance, discusses the double ORC loop Pareto optimal thermal performance and economic performance based on solution further, discusses the double ORC thermal performance, economic performance and environmental performance was studied. TOPSIS decision method based on the project are three objective optimization of double ORC thermal economy double objective optimization and thermal environment The Pareto optimal solution. 3kW in low-temperature organic Rankine cycle power generation system based on experimental measurement and analysis of the mass flow, superheat, effect of expander inlet pressure and refrigerant pump inlet pressure on the performance and operation characteristics of system components. The effects of the operating parameters of sensitivity, and by modifying the refrigerant pump and expander the isentropic efficiency and the mechanical efficiency of modified research on theoretical model. Comparison of the components of the system characteristics and performance of mixed refrigerant and pure refrigerant. The study found that the mass flow is more sensitive than the error correction model; theoretical model and experimental value is reduced by 67-84%; the experimental results show that the mixed refrigerant the thermal efficiency and power efficiency is higher than that of pure refrigerants.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TK115

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