基于DEM的靖邊縣土地利用變化分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-10 11:04
【摘要】：地形因素與土地利用行為有著密切的聯(lián)系，不同地形、地貌特征下的土地利用格局不僅反映了人類的干擾程度與土地利用變化結(jié)果，同時(shí)也是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件與自然條件相互作用的直接響應(yīng)表現(xiàn)。地處黃土高原與毛烏素沙地過渡地帶的陜西省靖邊縣，區(qū)域內(nèi)地形條件復(fù)雜，土地利用類型多樣，受“退耕還林（草）”和建設(shè)“21世紀(jì)能源基地”等國家政策的影響，土地利用變化劇烈。通過分析土地利用變化可以反映區(qū)域內(nèi)不同地形地貌區(qū)域土地利用變化對政策的響應(yīng)過程，對于區(qū)域土地合理利用與開發(fā)提供理論依據(jù)。 以30m分辨率的DEM和四期TM遙感影像為數(shù)據(jù)源，利用遙感和GIS手段，得出地形因子分類依據(jù)，依據(jù)DEM提取研究區(qū)的高程、坡度、地形梯度、地形起伏度和地表粗糙度信息并進(jìn)行分級，采取決策樹分類方法對1995、2000、2005、2010年四期TM影像進(jìn)行土地利用分類，獲取土地利用數(shù)據(jù)，借助GIS空間分析功能分析地形要素與土地利用變化之間的關(guān)系。得到以下結(jié)論： （1）研究區(qū)耕地、水域、草地、其它土地持續(xù)下降；林地和建設(shè)用地持續(xù)增長。在2010年，林地和草地是靖邊縣的優(yōu)勢地類； （2）研究區(qū)內(nèi)，地貌主要為微起伏的草灘區(qū)和高起伏的丘陵區(qū)；高程分布范圍在1300-1600m，坡度以平地和緩平地為主；不同地貌區(qū)域、高程分級、坡度分級和地形梯度下，林地分布均勻，并且一直保持優(yōu)勢地類狀態(tài)；耕地和建設(shè)用地在低海拔、坡度平緩區(qū)域分布集中，對區(qū)域具有選擇性； （3）景觀指數(shù)分析表明，不同地形區(qū)域內(nèi)，斑塊密度減少，，聚集度增加，多樣性指數(shù)增加，破碎度程度降低；在山地和丘陵區(qū)域、高程大、坡度大的區(qū)域圖斑形狀復(fù)雜，人為干擾較��； （4）生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度降低，主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度由三級降為二級，說明退耕還林（草）工程取得了顯著成果，研究區(qū)植被覆蓋度增加，生態(tài)環(huán)境明顯改善。
[Abstract]:The terrain factor is closely related to the land use behavior, and the land-use pattern under the characteristics of different terrain and physiognomy not only reflects the human's disturbance degree and the land-use change result, but also the direct response of the interaction between the social and economic conditions and the natural conditions. It is located in Jingbian County of Shaanxi Province, which is a transitional zone between the Loess Plateau and the Mu Us Sandy Land. The terrain condition in the region is complex, the land use type is diverse, the "Cropland to Forest (Grass)" and the construction "Energy Base of the 21 ~ (st) Century" are affected by the national policies, and the land use change is violent. The analysis of the change of land use can reflect the response process of land-use change to the policy in different terrain and landforms in the region, and provide the theoretical basis for the rational utilization and development of the regional land. Using the DEM and the four-phase TM remote sensing image with the resolution of 30 m as the data source, using the remote sensing and GIS means, the classification of the terrain factors is obtained, and the elevation, the slope, the terrain gradient, the topographic relief and the surface roughness information of the study area are extracted according to the DEM. The classification of land use in 1995,2000,2005 and 2010 is carried out by the decision tree classification method. The data of land use is obtained, and the correlation between the terrain elements and the land use change is analyzed by means of the spatial analysis of GIS. The following knot is obtained. Comment: (1) The area of cultivated land, water area, grassland and other land in the study area is continuously reduced; and the forest land and the construction land are held. Continued growth. In 2010, forest land and grassland were excellent in Jingbian county. Potential land; (2) The landform is mainly in the area of the micro-fluctuation and the hilly region with high fluctuation; the elevation distribution is in the range of 1300-1600 m, and the slope is dominated by the ground and the gentle ground; and the different physiognomy areas and the cultivated land and the construction land are centralized in a low-altitude, gradient-flat region distribution set, has the selectivity; (3) the landscape index analysis shows that, In different terrain areas, the density of the patch is reduced, the aggregation degree is increased, the diversity index is increased, and the degree of fragmentation is reduced; in the mountainous and hilly areas, the area with large elevation and large slope is complex in shape and shape and (4) the ecological risk degree is reduced, and the main risk The degree of vegetation coverage in the study area is increased from the third to the second level, indicating that the project has achieved remarkable results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;F301.2
本文編號：2512560
[Abstract]:The terrain factor is closely related to the land use behavior, and the land-use pattern under the characteristics of different terrain and physiognomy not only reflects the human's disturbance degree and the land-use change result, but also the direct response of the interaction between the social and economic conditions and the natural conditions. It is located in Jingbian County of Shaanxi Province, which is a transitional zone between the Loess Plateau and the Mu Us Sandy Land. The terrain condition in the region is complex, the land use type is diverse, the "Cropland to Forest (Grass)" and the construction "Energy Base of the 21 ~ (st) Century" are affected by the national policies, and the land use change is violent. The analysis of the change of land use can reflect the response process of land-use change to the policy in different terrain and landforms in the region, and provide the theoretical basis for the rational utilization and development of the regional land. Using the DEM and the four-phase TM remote sensing image with the resolution of 30 m as the data source, using the remote sensing and GIS means, the classification of the terrain factors is obtained, and the elevation, the slope, the terrain gradient, the topographic relief and the surface roughness information of the study area are extracted according to the DEM. The classification of land use in 1995,2000,2005 and 2010 is carried out by the decision tree classification method. The data of land use is obtained, and the correlation between the terrain elements and the land use change is analyzed by means of the spatial analysis of GIS. The following knot is obtained. Comment: (1) The area of cultivated land, water area, grassland and other land in the study area is continuously reduced; and the forest land and the construction land are held. Continued growth. In 2010, forest land and grassland were excellent in Jingbian county. Potential land; (2) The landform is mainly in the area of the micro-fluctuation and the hilly region with high fluctuation; the elevation distribution is in the range of 1300-1600 m, and the slope is dominated by the ground and the gentle ground; and the different physiognomy areas and the cultivated land and the construction land are centralized in a low-altitude, gradient-flat region distribution set, has the selectivity; (3) the landscape index analysis shows that, In different terrain areas, the density of the patch is reduced, the aggregation degree is increased, the diversity index is increased, and the degree of fragmentation is reduced; in the mountainous and hilly areas, the area with large elevation and large slope is complex in shape and shape and (4) the ecological risk degree is reduced, and the main risk The degree of vegetation coverage in the study area is increased from the third to the second level, indicating that the project has achieved remarkable results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;F301.2
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