【摘要】：三維地層建模是地學(xué)建模研究的重要內(nèi)容，而基于主要數(shù)據(jù)源——鉆孔數(shù)據(jù)的淺表地層三維建模則是其中的熱點(diǎn)之一，有著重要的研究?jī)r(jià)值。 本文圍繞三維地層建模主題，通過(guò)對(duì)多尺度鉆孔數(shù)據(jù)的探索性研究，深入剖析了三維模型、空間插值方法及三維GIS開(kāi)發(fā)的技術(shù)內(nèi)涵，以期在三維地層建模上取得一些進(jìn)展。首先，研究常用的三維模型和地層建模方法，結(jié)合現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)際情況，找到適合的建模方法，為三維地層建模提供理論依據(jù)。其次，對(duì)現(xiàn)有的多尺度鉆孔數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)、統(tǒng)計(jì)，利用空間探索的方法，，選取用于三維地層建模的鉆孔樣本集，同時(shí)，加入從地質(zhì)剖面圖中提取的虛擬鉆孔值，選取常用的空間插值方法對(duì)其插值，并從誤差對(duì)比、回歸分析等不同角度來(lái)驗(yàn)證最優(yōu)插值法。再次，構(gòu)建三維地層模型。選取合適的空間插值方法，運(yùn)用TIN及Multipatch技術(shù)構(gòu)建西安市三維地層模型。最后，設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了三維地層可視化原型系統(tǒng)，以便集成、分析所建模型。該系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了三維場(chǎng)景瀏覽、空間分析、屬性查詢(xún)等功能，滿足了三維地層模型可視化及其應(yīng)用的基本需求。 本文在基于多尺度鉆孔數(shù)據(jù)的三維地層建模一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)探索中取得以下進(jìn)展： 1、實(shí)現(xiàn)地層的劃分并引入虛擬鉆孔。對(duì)三維地層建模而言，地層的劃分是鉆孔數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理的重要依據(jù)。而地質(zhì)剖面圖則是地層建模不可或缺的輔助資料，從中提取虛擬鉆孔對(duì)完善、驗(yàn)證地層建模有重要意義和參考價(jià)值。 2、在空間探索基礎(chǔ)上選擇合適的空間插值方法。本文運(yùn)用了正態(tài)檢查、趨勢(shì)分析、半變異分析探索鉆孔樣本集，通過(guò)常用的幾種空間插值方法對(duì)鉆孔數(shù)據(jù)插值，經(jīng)誤差檢驗(yàn)、回歸分析將普通克里格插值法作為地層建模的插值方法。 3、基于鉆孔數(shù)據(jù)完成西安市地層層面三維建模。以每個(gè)地層上的離散鉆孔點(diǎn)作為數(shù)據(jù)源，分別建立地層層面模型，再以地層層面模型建立地層模型。 4、基于組件對(duì)象技術(shù)和TerraDeveloper組件庫(kù)建立原型系統(tǒng)。設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了三維地層可視化的原型系統(tǒng)，驗(yàn)證了所用方法、再現(xiàn)了建模成果。
[Abstract]:3D formation modeling is an important part of geological modeling, and 3D modeling of shallow strata based on drilling data, which is the main data source, is one of the hotspots, which has important research value. In this paper, focusing on the theme of 3D formation modeling, through the exploratory study of multi-scale drilling data, the technical connotation of 3D model, spatial interpolation method and 3D GIS development is deeply analyzed in order to make some progress in 3D formation modeling. Firstly, the commonly used 3D model and formation modeling method are studied, and the suitable modeling method is found according to the existing data and actual situation, which provides the theoretical basis for 3D formation modeling. Secondly, the existing multi-scale drilling data are classified, statistically, and the drilling sample set for 3D formation modeling is selected by using the method of spatial exploration. At the same time, the virtual drilling value extracted from the geological profile is added, and the commonly used spatial interpolation methods are selected to interpolation it, and the optimal interpolation method is verified from different angles such as error comparison, regression analysis and so on. Thirdly, the three-dimensional formation model is constructed. The suitable spatial interpolation method is selected and TIN and Multipatch techniques are used to construct the three-dimensional formation model of Xi'an City. Finally, a 3D formation visualization prototype system is designed and implemented to integrate and analyze the model. The system realizes the functions of 3D scene browsing, spatial analysis, attribute query and so on, and meets the basic requirements of visualization and application of 3D formation model. In this paper, the following progress has been made in the exploration of some key technologies of 3D formation modeling based on multi-scale drilling data: 1, the division of strata is realized and virtual drilling is introduced. For 3D formation modeling, formation division is an important basis for drilling data preprocessing. The geological profile is an indispensable auxiliary data for formation modeling, from which it is of great significance and reference value to extract virtual boreholes for perfection and verification of formation modeling. 2. On the basis of spatial exploration, the appropriate spatial interpolation method is selected. In this paper, normal inspection, trend analysis and semi-variation analysis are used to explore the sample set of boreholes. Several commonly used spatial interpolation methods are used to interpolation drilling data. Through error test and regression analysis, the ordinary Kriging interpolation method is used as the interpolation method of formation modeling. 3. Based on the drilling data, the 3D modeling of Xi'an formation level is completed. Taking the discrete drilling points on each formation as the data source, the formation level model is established separately, and then the formation level model is established with the formation level model. 4. The prototype system is established based on component object technology and TerraDeveloper component library. The prototype system of 3D formation visualization is designed and implemented, the method used is verified, and the modeling results are reproduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P208;P53

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