【摘要】：隨著以全球?qū)Ш蕉ㄎ患夹g(shù)為主導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)代空間定位技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,研究不同坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系,分析其中的影響因素,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)各類坐標(biāo)系間的高精度轉(zhuǎn)換,保證測(cè)繪成果能夠精確地轉(zhuǎn)入目標(biāo)坐標(biāo)系下使用,并能夠在最大程度上地利用已有測(cè)繪成果和資料,在現(xiàn)階段便具有了重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。 本文從測(cè)量坐標(biāo)系的基本理論出發(fā),介紹了地球橢球的基本概念和我國(guó)常用的坐標(biāo)系,敘述了實(shí)現(xiàn)各類坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,并重點(diǎn)研究了利用公共點(diǎn)求解坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換參數(shù)的不同方法。針對(duì)最小二乘原理無法有效地抵抗粗差,并經(jīng)常由于量綱問題產(chǎn)生病態(tài)方程的缺點(diǎn),給出了基于抗差估計(jì)的坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換參數(shù)求解模型和實(shí)現(xiàn)了獨(dú)立解算平移、尺度和旋轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)的解耦算法。 根據(jù)相關(guān)理論,設(shè)計(jì)完成了一套功能齊全的坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換軟件,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)不同形式的坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換。軟件界面設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)潔友好,操作簡(jiǎn)單,計(jì)算精度能夠滿足日常測(cè)繪工作的要求,并提供了數(shù)據(jù)庫功能和參數(shù)設(shè)置功能從而能夠有效地利用和保留已知信息。 結(jié)合實(shí)例,對(duì)軟件性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試,驗(yàn)證軟件的可行性和準(zhǔn)確性。計(jì)算最小二乘法與解耦算法的在不同轉(zhuǎn)換方案下的精度,比較兩者的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),分析公共點(diǎn)分布及粗差對(duì)于求解坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換參數(shù)的影響,并在此基礎(chǔ)上研究抗差估計(jì)理論在坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換中適用性和局限性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern spatial positioning technology dominated by global navigation and positioning technology, the transformation relationship between different coordinate systems is studied, and the influencing factors are analyzed, so as to realize the high precision transformation between all kinds of coordinate systems. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to ensure that the surveying and mapping results can be accurately transferred to the target coordinate system and that the existing surveying and mapping results and data can be used to the greatest extent. Based on the basic theory of measuring coordinate system, this paper introduces the basic concept of earth ellipsoid and the coordinate system commonly used in our country, and describes the methods to realize the transformation of various coordinate systems. The different methods of solving coordinate transformation parameters by using common points are studied in detail. In view of the fact that the least square principle can not effectively resist gross errors and often produces ill-conditioned equations due to dimensional problems, a coordinate transformation parameter solution model based on robust estimation is given and an independent solution translation is realized. Decoupling algorithm of scale and rotation parameters. According to the related theory, a set of coordinate system conversion software with complete functions is designed and completed, which can realize different forms of coordinate transformation. The software interface design is simple and friendly, the operation is simple, the calculation accuracy can meet the requirements of daily surveying and mapping work, and provides the database function and parameter setting function, so that the known information can be effectively utilized and retained. Combined with an example, the performance of the software is tested to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the software. The accuracy of least square method and decoupling algorithm under different conversion schemes is calculated, their advantages and disadvantages are compared, and the influence of common point distribution and gross error on solving coordinate transformation parameters is analyzed. On this basis, the applicability and limitation of robust estimation theory in coordinate transformation are studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P226.3

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